It has been suggested that the absolute calibration of the m - cresol purple pH method may be slightly
biased such that a +0.0047
correction to measured pH values is necessary (DelValls & Dickson 1998); we did NOT apply this
correction factor to our pH measurements.»
This circuit illustrates a much more accurate picture of reality in that it includes terms
such as
bias current, offset current, and offset voltage, and this equation is the corrected equation for the operation of the circuit (this equation is still missing two of the larger
corrections, input and output resistance, because I didn't want to re-derive the equations — it gets really tedious really fast).