Sentences with phrase «bicarbonate ions»

reacts with CO3 - 2 in water to form bicarbonate ions).

These reactions are fully reversible and the basic thermodynamics of these reactions in seawater are well known, such that at a pH of approximately 8.1 approximately 90 % the carbon is in the form of bicarbonate ion, 9 % in the form of carbonate ion, and only about 1 % of the carbon is in the form of dissolved CO2.

They looked for those that were triggered to release oxygen by bicarbonate ions, and found that human haemoglobin behaved like its counterpart in crocodiles if it contained a particular sequence of just 12 amino acids from the crocodile's haemoglobin.

Instead, as with photosynthesis, calcifiers actively uptake the more abundant bicarbonate ions and concentrate them in compartments.

These microorganisms contain microcompartments named carboxysomes that encapsulate Rubisco in a protein shell and contain an enzyme, carbonic anhydrase (CA), which converts bicarbonate ion to CO2.

The acidity of the partially digested food (called chyme) entering the small intestine signals the intestine to secrete bicarbonate ions, which neutralize the acid, creating an alkaline environment in the small intestine.

To overcome the limiting supply of CO2, organisms like coral concentrate bicarbonate ions in compartments into which they pump H + ions and lower the pH. As seen in Figure 2, at pH 5 or lower, 90 % of the DIC converts to CO2.

Although in some species photosynthesis and calcification compete for bicarbonate ions, photosynthesis generally benefits calcification by providing energy, and by raising external pH, which lowers the cost of pumping internal H + ions to the surrounding waters.

Once bicarbonate ions are imported and concentrated, the conversion to CO2 is also accelerated by the ubiquitous enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

However bicarbonate ions can not simply diffuse into a cell or pass through internal membranes.

When H + ions increase due to acid indigestion, ingested bicarbonate ions rapidly bond to H + to form CO2 gas, which can then be carried away by the blood or by a good belch.

The pH will slowly increase because bicarbonate ion is unstable:

The rapid uptake of heat energy and CO2 by the ocean results in a series of concomitant changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, including reductions in pH and carbonate saturation state, as well as increases in dissolved CO2 and bicarbonate ions [3]: a phenomenon defined as ocean acidification.

These medications use different combinations of magnesium, calcium, aluminum and hydroxide or bicarbonate ions to neutralize the acid in the stomach.

When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, carbonic acid forms, which has a very short lifetime — typically around 30 picoseconds — before dissociating into protons and bicarbonate ions.

Crocodiles use a waste product of metabolism — the bicarbonate ions formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water — as the trigger for haemoglobin to unload the oxygen it carries.

A micromotor covered with the enzyme carbonic anhydrase zips through water rapidly converting dissolved carbon dioxide to the bicarbonate ion, which can then be precipitated as calcium carbonate.

It is a salt composed of sodium ions and bicarbonate ions.

In the oceans, carbonic acid releases hydrogen ions (H +), reducing pH, and bicarbonate ions (HCO3 --RRB-.

All calcifiers use the more abundant bicarbonate ions and bicarbonate ions will be plentiful even if pH unrealistically fell to 6.0

Between pH 7.0 and 8.6, over 90 % of the dissolved CO2 naturally converts to bicarbonate ions (HCO3 --RRB-.

But bicarbonate ions can not be directly used in photosynthesis.

Conversely when pH falls (Lower pH means higher H + concentrations), the excess H + ions recombine with and are sequestered by any existing carbonate and bicarbonate ions to counteract the falling pH.

These changes include a lowering of pH and carbonate saturation state as well as an increase in dissolved CO2 and bicarbonate ions.

The majority of marine algae have carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) that facilitate the active influx of CO2 and / or bicarbonate ions -LRB--RRB- and elevate C concentrations at the site of C fixation (i.e. Rubisco), with few algae being CO2 - only users [22,23].

This is a normal process, and over millions of years the oceans have remained slightly alkaline, as more acidic surface water mixes with deeper water, and carbonic acid is converted to bicarbonate ions.