A longitudinal analysis of friendships and substance use:
Bidirectional influences from adolescence to adulthood
Furthermore, it is important to acknowledge the possibility of
bidirectional influences: the quality of both the current romantic relationship and current relationship with parents may shape how participants» perceive early child - parent relationships [13][57].
The present short - term longitudinal study investigates
the bidirectional influences of parental monitoring and youth problem behaviors, while also examining the potential moderating influence of callous - unemotional traits.
Bidirectional influences between dimensions of coparenting and adolescent adjustment.
Combining these areas of interest, she has worked on a variety of research projects exploring
the bidirectional influences between child behavior problems, classroom quality, and teacher stress in preschool classrooms; the effects of educational instability in children's cognitive and self - regulation skills; and the relation between poverty - related risk and school readiness.
Bidirectional influences between maternal parenting and children's peer problems: a longitudinal monozygotic twin difference study.
As early as the 1960s, Bell24 argued that parenting is
a bidirectional influence and suggested that children may modulate their own socialization on the basis of their own behavior.
Not exact matches
Also the
bidirectional modulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis by sex hormones and their receptor activation in central and peripheral targets in both sexes are
influenced by estrogens and androgens (16, 17, 65 — 69).
The evidence discussed here, which suggest that food intake is
influenced by processes that recruit memory and attention taken alongside an emerging evidence base that Western - type diets can damage brain structures important for learning and memory (39), suggests that the links between cognition and diet are
bidirectional.
Likewise, I do not deny T °
influences CO2, however it is plainly a
bidirectional effect, and CO2 the dominant cause, else the drops in T ° would more profoundly affect CO2 level.
The current study revealed that, beyond direct
influences, the relationship between adolescents» sensation seeking and parental R - rated movie restrictions in explaining smoking onset is
bidirectional in nature.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings imply that, beyond direct
influences, the relationship between adolescents» sensation seeking and parental R - rated movie restrictions in explaining smoking onset is
bidirectional in nature.
Child and parental behaviour can be described as having a
bidirectional relationship, in which one
influences the other.
Even though the included longitudinal studies showed that poorer parenting practices preceded delinquent behavior, a
bidirectional view on parent — child relations can not be rejected as we do not know whether the child - rearing characteristics had been
influenced by earlier delinquency or other problem behaviors of the child.
Since it is argued that self - efficacy and depressive symptoms might
influence each other over time, the current study examined the longitudinal and
bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and academic, social and emotional self - efficacy in a large sample spanning early to middle adolescence.
Thus depression impacts on relationships between adults in a
bidirectional manner and is
influenced by a variety of factors, making this difficult to describe and understand.
(B) Genetic / constitutional factors: while it has generally been assumed that associations between maternal depression and poor child outcome arise because of the impact of maternal factors on the child, recent research has highlighted the fact that relations between parents and their children are
bidirectional in their
influence.24 The possibility therefore needs to be addressed that poor child outcome, parenting difficulties, and even maternal depression itself may all be
influenced by infant factors.
Overall, the
bidirectional associations indicate that parent — child relationships and friendships mutually
influence each other during adolescence.
To understand factors that
influence parenting change, future research may need to examine patterns of parent and family functioning over time by employing longitudinally assessed predictors or by investigating
bidirectional effects.
Path analyses mainly showed
bidirectional associations between adolescents» perceptions of parent — adolescent relationships and friendships with a predominantly stronger
influence from parent — adolescent relationships to friendships than vice versa in early to middle adolescence and an equal mutual
influence in middle to late adolescence.
Masten (2001), in her discussion of risk and resilience processes in development, emphasized that «many of these variable - focused models do not accommodate the
bidirectional nature of
influence in living system» (p. 230).
Most studies assumed coping strategies
influenced distress levels, but this is likely a
bidirectional relationship in which coping
influences distress and distress levels
influence the choice of coping strategy used (Aldwin and Revenson, 1987).
Coercive parent — child interaction models posit that an escalating cycle of negative,
bidirectional interchanges
influences the development of boys» externalizing problems and caregivers» maladaptive parenting over time.