In sum, we tested
bidirectional parent — child effects between two established factors of early risk for anxiety problems: children's negative affect and parent anxiety symptoms.
Not exact matches
Bidirectional influences between maternal
parenting and children's peer problems: a longitudinal monozygotic twin difference study.
Some
parents resort to spanking because their kids are particularly aggressive or defiant, which means the causation is
bidirectional: Child aggression can trigger spanking, and spanking can make kids more aggressive (Barnes et al 2013).
As early as the 1960s, Bell24 argued that
parenting is a
bidirectional influence and suggested that children may modulate their own socialization on the basis of their own behavior.
Moreover, the findings seem to point to a
bidirectional relationship, which suggests that
parents also are able to modify their children's behavioral tendencies through their
parenting.
An illustrative example of emotion regulation and
parenting over the course of development is provided to demonstrate
bidirectional relations among these constructs.
Furthermore, the causal pathway between
parenting and child emotional or behavioural problems, or both, can be described as «
bidirectional» (Furlong 2012), with
parents and children impacting and shaping one another's behaviour (Patterson 2002; Long 2008).
Also, Goodrum believes future research should examine whether the association between parental warmth and child externalizing behavior is
bidirectional, such that anger, aggression, and other externalizing behaviors could decrease the warmth demonstrated by the
parent as much as parental detachment could exacerbate externalizing behaviors.
Bidirectional relations between
parenting and child adjustment were especially prominent among boys.
Even though the included longitudinal studies showed that poorer
parenting practices preceded delinquent behavior, a
bidirectional view on
parent — child relations can not be rejected as we do not know whether the child - rearing characteristics had been influenced by earlier delinquency or other problem behaviors of the child.
Accounting for both
bidirectional and interactive effects between
parenting and child temperament can fine - tune theoretical models of the role of
parenting and temperament in children's development of adjustment problems.
This review discusses the potential mechanisms and empirical findings regarding the
bidirectional relations of
parent and child anxiety with coparenting.
Associations Between Infant Negative Affect and
Parent Anxiety Symptoms are
Bidirectional: Evidence from Mothers and Fathers.
Bidirectional Associations Between Externalizing Behavior Problems and Maladaptive
Parenting Within
Parent - Son Dyads Across Childhood.
Thus, the current study examines
bidirectional effects of
parenting, specifically harsh punishment practices and caregiver low warmth, and BPD symptoms in girls aged 14 — 17 years based on annual, longitudinal data from the Pittsburgh Girls Study (N = 2,451) in the context of child and caregiver characteristics.
Studies examining
bidirectional or directional relations between
parenting and temperament
The
bidirectional - transactional feature of child - rearing (Colpin 1999) suggests that change is possible; nevertheless,
parenting is found to be relatively stable across time (Holden and Miller 1999).
Evidence for
bidirectional and interactive effects between
parenting and children's characteristics of frustration, fear, self - regulation, and impulsivity was reviewed, and an overall model of children's individual differences in response to
parenting is proposed.
A
bidirectional relationship between specific form of parental stress such as
parenting stress and child behaviours has been documented in some studies.12 13 But little is known about the relationship between general form of parental stress and child health.
Efforts to fully characterize
bidirectional effects between
parent anxiety symptoms and risk for anxiety problems in early life would further benefit from an understanding of similarities and differences across mother — infant and father — infant associations.
The current study longitudinally examined
bidirectional associations between callous - unemotional (CU) traits and
parenting dimensions.
Conversely, higher adolescent depressive symptoms predicted lower parental knowledge, adolescent disclosure, and parental solicitation over time, highlighting the
bidirectional nature of associations among
parenting factors and adolescent depressive symptoms.
Citation: Brooker RJ, Neiderhiser JM, Leve LD, Shaw DS, Scaramella LV and Reiss D (2015) Associations Between Infant Negative Affect and
Parent Anxiety Symptoms are
Bidirectional: Evidence from Mothers and Fathers.
Finally, it should be noted that the relationship between adolescent adjustment and
parenting is likely to be
bidirectional, and the cross-sectional nature of the current study does not allow us to test the direction of effects.
(B) Genetic / constitutional factors: while it has generally been assumed that associations between maternal depression and poor child outcome arise because of the impact of maternal factors on the child, recent research has highlighted the fact that relations between
parents and their children are
bidirectional in their influence.24 The possibility therefore needs to be addressed that poor child outcome,
parenting difficulties, and even maternal depression itself may all be influenced by infant factors.
The
bidirectional / dynamic relationship between youth and their
parents over time is now being assessed using a
parent — child collaboration tool, which is another example of measuring a promotive factor (Nansel et al., 2009).
Thus, consistent with transactional models of symptoms and stress [17, 18], the relationship between child anxiety,
parent behaviours and distress may be
bidirectional, as children's anxious vulnerability both shapes, and is shaped by parental expectations and behaviours.
To our knowledge, this work provides the first evidence for
bidirectional effects between infant negative affect and
parents» anxiety symptoms during infancy.
To disentangle
parenting factors,
bidirectional associations among parental knowledge, adolescent disclosure, and parental monitoring (i.e., solicitation and control) were examined.
Overall, the
bidirectional associations indicate that
parent — child relationships and friendships mutually influence each other during adolescence.
To understand factors that influence
parenting change, future research may need to examine patterns of
parent and family functioning over time by employing longitudinally assessed predictors or by investigating
bidirectional effects.
In addition, a transactional model examined the
bidirectional relationships among internalizing and externalizing symptoms and harsh
parenting because they may cascade over time in this early period.
Future research could also explore
bidirectional and reciprocal associations between
parenting styles and individual differences among children.
The relation between
parenting and CU traits development is
bidirectional [46].
Path analyses mainly showed
bidirectional associations between adolescents» perceptions of
parent — adolescent relationships and friendships with a predominantly stronger influence from
parent — adolescent relationships to friendships than vice versa in early to middle adolescence and an equal mutual influence in middle to late adolescence.
Furthermore, it is important to acknowledge the possibility of
bidirectional influences: the quality of both the current romantic relationship and current relationship with
parents may shape how participants» perceive early child -
parent relationships [13][57].
In the current study, we examined longitudinal changes in, and
bidirectional effects between,
parenting practices and child behavior problems in the context of a psychosocial treatment and 3 - year follow - up period.
Bidirectional relations between intrusive caregiving among
parents and teachers and children's externalizing behavior problems.
A second line of research into family functioning has implicated «parental communication deviance,» a style of communicating with offspring that is vague, fragmented, and contradictory.54, 55 Although early studies of this phenomenon were criticized on methodological grounds, 56 it was later reported that parental communication deviance and criticism / hostility predicted later psychosis among nonpsychotic child guidance attendees, 57,58 reflecting
bidirectional interactions between psychopathology in the children and parental behavior.59 More recently, a Finnish adoption study found that children at genetic risk of psychosis were more likely to become psychotic in later life if raised by adoptive
parents with communication deviance.60, 61
Fixed effects models to address the topic of
bidirectional relations between
parent and child behavior are severely underrepresented.
We understand the mediational model used here does not address possible
bidirectional effects, in particularly the effects of child behaviors on the quality of
parenting.
Coercive
parent — child interaction models posit that an escalating cycle of negative,
bidirectional interchanges influences the development of boys» externalizing problems and caregivers» maladaptive
parenting over time.
These
bidirectional associations were examined using multiple facets of externalizing problems (i.e., interpersonal callousness, conduct and oppositional defiant problems, hyperactivity / impulsivity) and
parenting behaviors (i.e., physical punishment, involvement,
parent — child communication).