Studies included in these reviews adopt variable measures of father involvement, do not always account for maternal involvement, and do not take account of the possible
bidirectionality of associations between father involvement and children's socio - emotional wellbeing over time.
He wrote a book on time - series analysis to explain these methods to psychologists, and developed some new methods for analyzing dominance and
bidirectionality with James Ringland.
Cross-lagged longitudinal designs are necessary to gain more insight in the
possible bidirectionality of the association between parents» psychopathology symptoms and their partners» emotion socialization behavior.
Creative and methodologically sophisticated longitudinal research
on bidirectionality in parenting and child behavior can shed important new light on the dynamics of behavior - problem development.
In
reflecting bidirectionality in relationships between interparental and child functioning, children's psychological problems predicted increases in interparental dysphoria during childhood and adolescence.
However, a longitudinal study
testing bidirectionality is necessary before conclusions about the direction of effects can be ascertained.
Examining similar potentials for off - principal plane observations requires the ability to assess realistic variations in both the reflectance for and
bidirectionality of polarized water - leaving radiances for such viewing geometries.
He wrote a book on time - series analysis to explain these methods to psychologists, and developed some new methods for analyzing dominance and
bidirectionality with his colleagues.
In this commentary, we provide a brief overview of thinking and research
on bidirectionality and then highlight key themes and findings reported in these articles.
Both display the relationship qualities of interdependence,
bidirectionality, reciprocity, and multiple levels of analysis.
Fredrickson [33] posits that both interpretations warrant investigation (i.e.,
bidirectionality) by emphasizing that experience of positive emotion should help facilitate a broader source of coping, which could help improve later experiences of positive emotions.
In terms of
bidirectionality, there was a bidirectional relationship between using a greater number of negative coping strategies and more depressive symptoms.