Sentences with phrase «billion tonnes»

As one tonne of carbon equates to 3.67 tonnes of CO2, the 1997 Indonesian peat forest fires emitted between 2.97 and 9.43 billion tonnes of CO2.

Given that leading UK scientists Grupp UCL Myers Oxford now openly accept the models run hot apparently we can now pump another 240 billion tonnes of co2 and still keep below a 1.5 degree increase.

To put those numbers into context, from 1972 through 1987, humans emitted 302 billion tonnes of CO2; in contrast, from 1998 through 2012 humans produced 461 billion tonnes.

Recently the British Geological Survey has suggested that the true operating reserves may be as little as 3 billion tonnes.

Another reports that powerful winds are not just shifting Antarctica's snow, but are also blowing 80 billion tonnes of it away, into the sea or the atmosphere.

They calculate from satellite imagery that, in what they call the scour zones that cover about 7 % of the continent, snow is being exported, and the continent might be losing some 80 billion tonnes a year.

According to the IEA, the USA reduced CO2 emissions by 23 million metric tonnes, emitting 4.81 billion tonnes.

This fairness principle led the Authority to recommend that Australia adopt a national emissions budget of 10.1 billion tonnes CO2 - e for the period 2013 to 2050.

But he is also betting big on coal, a key source of greenhouse gas emissions, with plans to double production to one billion tonnes by 2019.

The carbon cycle (numbers are billion tonnes of carbon dioxide) taken from the IPCC 4th Assessment Report.

And this unprecedented warming of ocean waters occurred during a 30 - year period when human CO2 emissions were some 85 % less than the modern era (166 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions versus 784 billion tonnes for the most recent 30 - year span).

This means that climate scientists have been overestimating the surface mass of Antarctica by 80 billion tonnes a year, and some of this windblown snow must be ending up in the sea.

Every year over 60 billion Tonnes of plastic is produced, of which less than 5 % is recycled.

The Paris climate talks reality is for an increase in energy emissions of 3.7 billion tonnes in 2030 at a cost of US$ 13 trillion.

Now what you did not answer was where does the 30 billion tonnes of CO2 that man emits goes and where is the natural CO2 coming from?

For every 10 billion tonnes we emit without increasing this sequestered fraction by one per cent, we will just have to bury more later in order to catch up.

Again Henrys Law goes both ways, if the atmosphere is increasing at the rate of 30 billion tonnes of CO2 per year then the extra CO2 in the atmosphere has disturbed the equilibrium and CO2 will move into the oceans.

As a point of reference, the associated Trillionth Tonne website shows the cumulative release to date (January 2015) as 587 billion tonnes of carbon, which leaves 413 billion tonnes (~ 1.5 trillion tonnes CO2) if the 2 °C is not to be breached (on the basis of their midrange climate sensitivity).

The COP21 shadow proclamation, on the other hand, results in an increase of energy emissions of 3.7 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions to 2030.

Regarding fossil fuel CO2 emissions, specifically (CO2 data here): NASA and Hansen's «BAU» Scenario A was proposed at a time when CO2 emissions were growing: since 1972, the 15 years ending 1987 the world emitted 285 billion tonnes of CO2.

Then in the mid 18th century we increased anthropogenic carbon emissions from 3 million tonnes per annum to almost 10 billion tonnes per annum today.

It should be remembered that in Paris nations agreed to increase emissions of greenhouse gases by 3.7 billion tonnes a year by 2030.

At current rates of growth, the IEA says that it expects that coal consumption will rise to 4.32 billion tonnes of oil equivalent versus 4.4 billions tonnes of oil per year worldwide within only four years; with that trend continuing, coal would quickly overtake oil as the world's fuel source of choice.

«Since 1959, approximately 350 billion tonnes of carbon have been emitted by humans to the atmosphere, of which about 55 per cent has moved into the land and oceans.

From what I've read (one or two slight variations depending on the author), about 7.8 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2 correspond to 1ppm of CO2 in the atmosphere, so in total there are about 3000Gt (3000 billion tonnes) of CO2 in the atmosphere, based on a current atmospheric CO2 concentration of 392ppm.

The mass of CO2emitted, some 33 billion tonnes in 2011, is more than twice the mass of all of the fossil fuel produced in that year, a little under 15 billion tonnes (we have to sequester two atoms of oxygen with every atom of carbon).

However, 1 billion tonnes of CO2 were generated offshore by Australian coal that year, nearly twice as much CO2 as it is producing domestically.

So with a trillion tonnes to go, we need to increase the fraction we bury at an average rate of one per cent for every 10 billion tonnes of global emissions.

Carbon budget «Since 1959, approximately 350 billion tonnes of carbon have been emitted by humans to the atmosphere, of which about 55 per cent has moved into the land and oceans.

In contrast, for the 15 years ending 2014, the world has emitted a total of 467 billion tonnes - that is growth some 1.6 times greater than Hansen's «BAU».

Returning 100 billion tonnes of carbon to soils and ecosystems has major benefits that are utterly unrelated to global warming.

We can avoid a billion tonnes of farming and forestry emissions and sequester 1 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon per year — with critical benefits for — inter alia — food security.

By using the Montreal Protocol to remove one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions, Parties could avoid more than 95 billion tonnes of CO2e by 2050, but they must act now.

The research highlights that the 200 listed companies analysed in the study own 762 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) through their reserves of coal, oil and gas which supports share value of $ 4trillion and services $ 1.5 trillion in outstanding corporate debt.

Btw, since talking about scale, 100 cubic km rock is about 200 billion tonnes - so SO2 is about 1 / 1000th of the total, which is the typical abundance of sulfur in the earth's crust.

However under a more precautionary scenario, the carbon budget could be around half this amount — 500 billion tonnes.

> The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tonnes (21.3 gigatonnes) of carbon dioxide (CO2) per year, but it is estimated that natural processes can only absorb about half of that amount, so there is a net increase of 10.65 billion tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year (one tonne of atmospheric carbon is equivalent to 44/12 or 3.7 tonnes of carbon dioxide).

Five billion tonnes of carbon is equivalent to 18.3 bn tonnes of carbon dioxide — around half of global annual emissions in the present day.

This approach indicates a carbon budget for an 80 % chance of avoiding global warming of more than 2 °C is about 900 billion tonnes up to 2050, and about 1,075 billion tonnes for a 50 % chance.

The researchers simulated applying three different levels of CDR to the RCP8.5 high emissions scenario: none («CDR0»), five billion tonnes per year («CDR5») and 25bn tonnes per year («CDR25»).

«Limiting total CO2 emissions from the start of 2015 to beneath 240 billion tonnes of carbon − 880 billion tonnes of CO2 — or about 20 years of current emissions would likely achieve the Paris goal of limiting warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels,» says study leader Richard Millar, a climate system scientist at the University of Oxford.

Yet companies in the oil, gas and coal sectors are seeking to develop further resources which could double the level of potential CO2 emissions on the world's stock exchanges to 1,541 billion tonnes.

For example, a global shift to energy - efficient appliances and equipment — including lighting, air - conditioners, refrigerators, electric motors, ceiling fans and distribution transformers — would reduce electricity consumption by over 10 per cent, save $ 350 billion annually in bills and reduce CO2 emissions by 1.25 billion tonnes per year.

Per the Economist, «The world added roughly 100 billion tonnes of carbon to the atmosphere between 2000 and 2010.

By 2035, it's a difference of 4.5 billion tonnes of coal a year, three quarters of the lost volume coming from thermal coal for energy.

There were 40 billion tonnes emitted in 2013.

MacDougall et al vary the carbon concentration of the permafrost from 15.8 to 26.3 kg / cubic metre, which leads to a range of 837-1206 PgC (billion tonnes of carbon) for the upper 3.5 metres of permafrost.

Similarly, if freezing of ice & snow was supplying heat that could warm the oceans - hard to imagine what the process might be but theoretically possible so we need to consider it - this would require the freezing of around 12,500 Billion tonnes of extra ice per year.

The Highland reserve has 1 billion tonnes, part of a 6 - billion - tonne deposit.

25.5 billion tonnes.