Sentences with phrase «binding cell surface receptors»

Moreover, the intact mAb 5.91 was able to bind the free IgE to prevent it from binding cell surface receptors.

Not exact matches

In my cell biology course, we investigate the biology and chemistry of a cell surface receptor that helps induce good feelings in us when it binds to a chemical compound found in incense; this may help explain why so many different cultures and religions have independently evolved the use of incense in their ceremonies and rituals.

In particular, the PTPRF gene, which is known to suppress intracellular signals that are usually triggered by insulin binding to its receptor on the cell surface, may serve as a biomarker linking insulin resistance with insufficient milk supply.

When similar analysis was performed on the db mice, it was found that the disrupted db gene was responsible for encoding a protein that functions as a leptin receptor: When it binds circulating leptin at the cell surface, it sets in motion a biochemical cascade inside the cell.

The antibody binds to a protein on the surface of T cells called the PD - 1 receptor.

The protein expressed by the gene is thought to bind to serotonin receptor molecules and ferry them to the cell surface, positioning them to receive serotonin's signals from neighboring cells.

This drug (vedolizumab) blocks a specific adhesion molecule on the surface of the T - cell and thereby inhibits immune cells from binding themselves to receptors present in the intestine, preventing the T - cells from penetrating the blood vessels in the intestinal tissue.

The team found that after exposure to chemotherapy, the cells began developing physical markings usually seen in CSCs, including receptors on the cell surface to which specific proteins can bind.

Using this strategy, researchers can engineer specific cells to produce a surface receptor that binds to a chemical compound known as CNO, a derivative of clozapine.

2) Protein binds to CD3 receptor on helper T cell, activating it so the helper T cell starts making HIV and displaying pieces of virus (red) on its surface.

The engineered protein has two ends: one activates T cells by binding to a surface molecule called the CD3 receptor, and the other — based on an antibody called VRC07 — powerfully binds to more than 90 percent of HIV strains.

In normal cell function messenger chemicals, such as various growth factors and insulin, bind to protein receptors on the cell's surface.

The toxins overcome the cell membrane by binding to a surface receptor, which conveys them into the cell's interior.

By binding to the surface receptor, the toxins are able to overcome the cell membrane.

When PDGF arrives at the cell surface, it binds to a protein called PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase (PDGF RTK).

The MSRs were then coated with lipids that formed a thin supported lipid bilayer (SLB), which resembles the outer membrane of APCs and that the researchers then functionalized with a pair of T cell - stimulating antibodies that remain mobile in the lipid layer and can bind to receptor / co-receptor molecules on the surface of T cells.

«The NILR1 is the genetic code for a receptor protein that is localized to the surface of plant cells and is able to bind and recognize other molecules,» says Prof. Florian Grundler, chair at the Department of Molecular Phytomedicine at the University of Bonn.

MERS CoV (CoV stands for coronavirus) has on its surface an array of spike - shaped proteins that bind to host cells — specifically to receptor proteins called DPP4 on the surface of cells that line human airways.

Hemagglutinin binds to glycan receptors found on the surface of respiratory cells, and the strength of that binding determines how effectively the virus can infect those cells.

This in vivo reconstitution system provides a new approach for examining ligand binding and G protein coupling to cell surface receptors.

PD - 1 (programmed cell death protein 1) is a receptor on the surface of T cells (the white blood cells that are part of the immune system), while PD - L1 (programmed death - ligand 1) is a molecule that binds to PD - 1 and is often over-expressed on the surface of cancer cells, enabling them to evade the immune system and allow cancer to grow and spread.

Now a team of researchers led by Philip Kim, a professor of computer science and molecular genetics in the University of Toronto's Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, has developed a new technology for making mirror - image peptides, which bind and activate receptors on the surface of cells.

The impulses cause glutamate (one of the brain's main neurotransmitters) to pop out of one nerve cell and travel across the synapse to activate the next by binding to its receptors, chemically active signaling stations on the cell surface.

When attractant or repellant chemicals attach themselves to receptor sites on the surface membrane of a bacterium, it triggers a process within the cell that leads to the modification of the signal protein, CheY (pronounced «Key - Y»), enabling it to bind to the switch and change the bacteria's direction of movement.

These receptors — glycophorins — are located on the surface of red blood cells and are amongst many receptors that bind Plasmodium falciparum.

Once they are engineered with antibodies that bind to specific receptors on the surface of targeted cells, these nanoparticles also can, in principle, become highly specific to the disease they are designed to treat.

More of the antibodies that coat the nanorod can therefore bind receptors on the surface of endothelial cells, and that leads to more effective cell adhesion and more effective drug delivery.

Drugs known as entry inhibitors (Pfizer's maraviroc and Schering - Plough's vicriviroc) stop the virus from entering healthy cells by binding to receptors on the cells» surfaces.

The engineered cells contain an antibody - like protein known as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which is designed to bind to a protein called CD19 found on the surface of B cells, including the cancerous B cells that characterize several types of leukemia.

Eph receptors and their binding partners, the ephrins, are found on the surface of almost all cell types.

«Activating cell - surface receptors: It takes a dimer to bind.»

The researchers used mice bred to lack a functional version of the protein Ly49H, a receptor protein found on the surface of NK cells that recognizes and binds to m157.

This could be done by attaching molecules to the surface of the bots that bind to specific receptors on the outside of certain types of cell.

IL - 6 is a cytokine, a signal molecule that is produced and secreted both by immune cells and by tumor cells and binds specifically to a receptor (IL - 6R) that is found on the surfaces of many cell types.

«It took us around four years to discover that phthalocyanine, which is a blue paint used on the surface of the Japanese bullet trains and road signs, could bind competitively to the HasA protein,» adds Ms. Chikako Shirataki, a PhD student in her final year, «crystal structures of metal protein complexes helped us to show that the phthalocyanine - bound HasA protein blocks the receptors on the cell surface of the bacterium and thus, inhibits the uptake of heme.»

The nanoparticle has interleukin 2 on its surface, so when the protein is around it acts as a switch, a contact with the cancer cell to bind to the receptor and to carry out its biological action.

The other end, known as the constant region, binds to receptors on the surface of cells that can direct the immune system to respond in a variety of ways, all in the hopes of eliminating the target on the variable end of the antibody.

The cytokine then binds to its receptor on the surface of the Müller cells and induces the release of additional inflammatory proteins that attract phagocytes to the damaged retina.

The tongues of most mammals hold taste receptors — proteins on the cellular surface that bind to an incoming substance, activating the cell's internal workings that lead to a signal being sent to the brain.

Left: mast cells are activated by allergens reacting with IgE bound to IgE receptors on the mast cell surface to trigger the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators that orchestrate an allergic response including recruitment of inflammatory cells.

For HIV to enter T cells, the virus first binds to a primary surface receptor CD4 and then to a coreceptor, either CCR5 or CXCR4.

The nanoparticle's shape gives it more surface area than spherical particles, improving the surface protein's ability to bind with receptors on nerve cells that serve as a gateway to the nervous system.

If interactions between IL - 15 and IL - 15Rα were to occur strictly as a secreted cytokine binding to a cell surface receptor, then similar exercise and muscle phenotypes would have been observed in both IL - 15Rα — KO mice and IL - 15 — KO mice, since ligand - receptor binding would have been interrupted in both of these mouse strains.

In a major innovation reported last year, Lerner, Zhang and their colleagues developed a basic method for selecting antibodies that not only bind to a given target, such as a cell - surface receptor, but also have a desired biological function — such as activating the receptor on mammalian cells.

Researchers from immune biology professor Annette Oxenius's group have now discovered what keeps NK cells from killing off their «colleagues from the other department» of the immune system: healthy CD8 + cells are able to detect the immune messenger substance type 1 interferon, which binds to specific receptors on the surface of these immune cells and thereby conceals their stress.

The cell surface receptor HAESA (blue) is bound to the hormone IDA (magenta) and the helper protein SERK1 (orange).

IL - 15 and IL - 15Rα interactions at the cell membrane can lead to recruitment of IL - 2Rβ and γc to form the heterotrimeric receptor, although IL - 15 signaling may not occur strictly as the result of a secreted cytokine binding to a cell surface receptor.

Once the sensors have traveled into a tumor's leaky blood vessels, they use special targeting molecules to bind to receptors on the surface of blood vessel cells.

We delve into very fundamental problems such as «how does a malaria red blood cell attach itself to a blood vessel» or «how does binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor or contact of a crystalline surface with the plasma membrane drive lipid sorting and how will this lead to signalling» but then immediately apply it to a practical problem such as «how does contact of uric acid crystals with dendritic cells cause gout in affected joints and how can we prevent this occurrence?»

NMDA receptors are complicated machines: mutations can affect how well they bind their ligands (glutamate and glycine), how they open and shut, or how they are processed onto the cell surface.