«It's not often that you see [coverage] of such diverse levels of
biological organization in the response to an extreme evolutionary event.»
An ecosystem approach is based on the application of appropriate scientific methodologies focused on levels
of biological organization, which encompass the essential structure, processes, functions and interactions among organisms and their environment.
«It's looking at effects of mutations across different levels of
biological organization.
The first principle they advance is that holobionts and hologenomes are fundamental units of
biological organization.
The field of toxicology is focused on developing improved ways to identify and ameliorate the harmful effects of chemical, physical, and biological agents at all levels of
biological organization, from molecules to complex ecosystems.
The American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology highlights normal or abnormal regulation and integration of physiological mechanism at all levels of
biological organizations, ranging from molecules to humans.
BNs can model linear, nonlinear, combinatorial, and stochastic relationships among variables across multiple levels of
biological organizations.
Modern aquatic ecosystems are infiltrated with diverse mixtures of pollutants that can act together as a multiple stressor to alter biotic systems at all levels of
biological organization, including individuals, populations and communities.
The current research program integrates evolutionary analyses both vertically, across levels of
biological organization, and horizontally, across evolutionarily replicated systems exposed to similar selective regimes.
The investigations of a single level of
biological organization (such as those listed above) are usually referred to as Systematic Systems Biology.
Through examination of responses across multiple levels of
biological organization, and by linking these responses to habitat distributions in the wild, we demonstrate that longfin smelt may be more susceptible than delta smelt to increases in temperatures, and they have little room to tolerate future warming in California.
Our ability to understand and predict changes in the forest carbon cycle — particularly net primary productivity and carbon storage — increasingly relies on models that represent biological processes across several scales of
biological organization, from tree leaves to forest stands2, 3.