The fields within biology are further divided based on the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the fundamental chemistry of life; molecular
biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interrelate.
Not exact matches
One may
study a great deal of psychology, sociology,
biology, and anthropology, and still not probe the depths of the
complex creature that man is.
Using such a broad range of approaches «enabled me to get a very good overview of different techniques and different organisms that can be used to
study complex problems in
biology,» Outeiro says.
Like his mentor Fritjof Capra, who provides an introduction for the book, Lent seeks corroboration for this spiritual insight in what were once called the «new», non-deterministic sciences — the
study of
complex adaptive systems in physics and
biology, which find curious analogues in certain branches of mathematics.
The collaborative effort may be the best means of putting to practical use the emerging (and still esoteric) field of systems
biology, which
studies complex interactions in biological systems.
However, Darwin's
study did not make headway, because the
biology of the protein was just too
complex.
And it also allows us to look at a lot of proteins and
complexes that don't crystallize or don't behave well enough to be
studied by the standard structural
biology techniques.
Rather than despairing that combinatorial interactions of diets, nuclear genes, and mitochondrial genes make the underlying
biology of aging intractably
complex, Rand and lead author Chen - Tseh Zhu said
studies that explicitly embrace such multifactorial interactions can lead researchers to understand the inherent biological complexity of the aging process: Many genes, many cells, and many environments all contribute to the aging process.
«It's the first look at how chemistry and
biology involve just a few key motions for even the most
complex systems,» says U of T chemistry and physics professor R. J. Dwayne Miller, principal investigator of the
study.
Dr Oliver Stegle, Group Leader at The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL - EBI) and co-lead scientist on this research, said: «Our method combines precise biological
studies and
complex computational approaches to integrate multiple aspects of cell
biology.
In 2013, Stanford built a sophisticated molecular
biology and genetics lab within the ValBio
complex, where these
studies could be carried out.
Because metastasis is a
complex process that has been difficult to
study, Chicago's Ludwig Center will bring together researchers from various areas of expertise, including molecular
biology, cell
biology, genetics, bioinformatics, chemistry, imaging and medicine.
Our
study, along with prior
studies, supports the notion that «cognitive reserve» resulting from early - life and lifelong education and cognitive stimulation may be a potent strategy for the primary prevention of dementia in both high - and low - income countries around the world.21 However, it should be noted that the relationships among education, brain
biology, and cognitive function are
complex and likely multidirectional; for instance, a number of recent population - based
studies have shown genetic links with level of educational attainment, 22,23 and with the risk for cognitive decline in later life.24 Higher levels of educational attainment are also associated with health behaviors (eg, physical activity, diet, and smoking), more cognitively -
complex occupations, and better access to health care, all of which may play a role in decreasing lifetime dementia risk.
«Lastly, the technique we have pioneered will likely be a valuable tool for scientists and clinicians
studying the
biology of
complex nanoparticle populations,» Dr. Zhang said, «and may aid in the development of diagnostic tests using them as biomarkers.»
But in a new
study published online in Nature Genetics, a research team led by J.J. Emerson, assistant professor of ecology & evolutionary
biology at the Ayala School of Biological Sciences, applies new methods of genome analysis to identify these
complex mutations with unprecedented resolution.
Hence, we merged our expertise in evolutionary
biology and immunology to
study the
complex interactions between the vertebrate immune system, composed of a myriad of different cells, and the gut microbiota, composed of another myriad of different bacteria.
Using a combination of molecular
biology, biochemical and novel multi-dimensional digital imaging approaches we
study in real - time
complex multi dimensional signal integration during the interaction of T cells with live antigen - presenting cells.
She moved to Oxford in 2012 to work at the SGC, initially working in Alex Bullock's Growth Factor Signalling group to
study E3 ubiquitin ligase
complexes, and subsequently joining Stefan Knapp's kinase team to focus on kinase structural
biology and inhibitor discovery.
Studying biology from big and
complex data sets requires deep understanding of the properties and biases of the data, and sophisticated methods for extracting biologically meaningful information.
Systems
biology aims to
study complex cellular systems by systematically stimulating them, monitoring cellular responses, formulating mathematical and computational models to understand the data, and proposing new experiments to refine these models.
During my graduate
studies, I became interested in repeat diseases and the
complex biology that determines their symptoms.
Biomarkers (Rick Paules, Section Editor): This section will present a forum for innovative scientific
studies that integrate genomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches with
studies of
complex physiological regulatory processes to gain a systems
biology insight into
complex pathways and networks controlling homeostatic and pathophysiologic states.
For a long time, Aizenberg's research has focused on
studying complex natural micro and nanostructured materials — such as those in iridescent opals or in butterfly wings — and unraveling the ways
biology controls the chemistry and morphology of its nanoscale building blocks.
«Visualizing how cancer cells interact with a tumor microenvironment that accurately reflects the
complex biology of ovarian cancer should help us understand the mechanisms underlying metastatic progression as well as identify new therapeutics that can inhibit this process,» said clinical gynecologic oncologist Ernst Lengyel, MD, PhD, senior author of the
study and a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Chicago.
We detected a burden of very rare, damaging missense variants in known Crohn's disease risk genes, suggesting that more comprehensive sequencing
studies will continue to improve understanding of the
biology of
complex diseases.