We are pushing European and U.S. policymakers to shift to more renewable energy resources, such as smart - from - the - start wind and solar, and to limit bioenergy incentives to more sustainable, low - carbon forms of
biomass like sawdust and agricultural residues.
The original article by Dom Marsh doesn't seem to be available online, but it recounts how the Cornerstone Housing Co-op in Leeds, UK, hired a digger to build these raised beds - using huge amounts of
biomass like logs, brash, and grass and leaves buried in 4 «x18» trenches - and then piling subsoil and topsoil back ontop.
There are no doubt many other niche sources of
biomass like this, as well as novel sources like algae, although there may also be competing uses (e.g. sewage gas is one of the cheapest renewable energy sources for electricity generation).
Scientists attending climate talks in Poznan, Poland, are trying to sell the idea of biochar, a type of charcoal produced when
biomass like agricultural and forest residue is «baked» in the absense of oxygen.
Some forms of carbon removal are also subject to significant debate, such as whether bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)-- which involves burning
biomass like crop wastes for energy and capturing and storing the carbon emissions underground in geological formations — can be truly sustainable at a large scale given competing needs for land, among other concerns.
Isn't carbon in
biomass like trees highly vulnerable to being lost though fire, deforestation, etc.?
Noting that in the developing countries some 1.6 billion people still lack access to electricity and about 2.4 billion continue to rely on traditional
biomass like fuelwood for cooking and heating, Annan calls for intensified efforts to promote renewable energy sources for the poor.
This is important context for the thorny question of whether, and how, carbon emissions from burning bioenergy — renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources (a category that includes both biofuels like ethanol and
biomass like wood used to generate electricity)-- should be included in prospective carbon taxes.
I would change the functioning of engines to run on solid
biomass like a powdered charcoal to produce rotating power from a continuous combustion having no partitioning of mass flow.
«In
biomass like wood, corn stover and switchgrass, cellulose is the most abundant polymer that researchers are trying to convert to biofuels and plastics,» said chemist Z. Conrad Zhang, who led the work while at PNNL's Institute for Integrated Catalysis.
Researchers at the EBI are searching for more efficient ways to use non-food
biomass like cellulose as the starting material for fuel production as well as for ways to boost the concentration of fuel produced and improve on the efficiency of the process.
Not exact matches
But increasingly farmers also sell
biomass — the residue left over after crops
like corn and wheat are harvested — to companies developing fuel from organic material.
These new activities for Veolia include the
likes of plastics and chemicals recycling, toxic waste handling, the management of water for aquaculture, the production of energy from waste or
biomass and the capture of methane.
Large scale utilization of bioplastics (plastic made from renewable resources
like biomass) would significantly decrease US foreign fossil fuel consumption, aiding in the goal of fossil fuel independence and possibly lead to a reduction in US military presence worldwide.
Currently, more than 85 % of the power generated by Brookfield Renewable Partners is hydro, with the rest coming from wind and other renewable sources
like solar,
biomass, and thermal.
Traditional methods of fertilizing,
like recycling
biomass (composting) and planting legumes — peas, beans and other plants — have thus stood the test of time.
Biomass is a term that covers different types of organic material that can be processed and burned to produce energy, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, and can include materials
like wood chips, agricultural crops, and sewage.
That is why the United States must lead the world in transforming our energy system away from nuclear power and fossil fuels and towards energy efficiency and renewable energies
like wind, solar, geothermal and
biomass which will provide safe and clean energy and create millions of good - paying jobs.
Rising awareness about black carbon Half of the world's population — roughly 3 billion people — cook their food and heat their homes by burning coal and
biomass material
like wood and animal dung, over open fires or rudimentary stoves, according to U.S. EPA.
About 20 percent of black carbon emissions come from
biomass burning sourced from activities
like cooking.
The draft bill would require utilities above a certain size to supply 25 percent of their power from renewable sources
like wind, solar and
biomass energy by 2025, although efficiency measures could be used to meet a fifth of the target.
Similarly as a society can be evaluated not just for being rich but also for being egalitarian, a forest can be evaluated for its structural complexity — in addition to other, more customary, properties
like its
biomass and growth.
«Maybe if we can transfer the genetic information to make these oils into quicker growing organisms
like other algae that grow a lot quicker or a land plant that can produce large amounts of
biomass, we can have them produce oil for us.»
These «second - generation» bioenergy crops are often seen as the future of bioenergy because, as perennials, they are far better at storing carbon in the soil and in their
biomass than traditional fuel crops
like corn and canola.
Saikawa, a specialist in atmospheric chemistry, is also studying levels of black carbon emissions in the outdoor environment generated by the burning of
biomass fuels
like yak dung.
The solution swells the particles of wood or other
biomass, allowing the solution to interact with the fibers, much
like a newspaper swells when water spills on it.
Fuel From Microbes, Part I It's the perfect give - and - take relationship: Bacteria and yeast break down what we don't want — organic waste and
biomass — and excrete what we do want — biofuels
like ethanol and butanol.
Dodson now works on a project looking at using the ashes from burning
biomass to make glues that hold together materials in boards
like the MDF used in kitchen worktops.
Enzymes, genetically engineered to avoid sticking to the surfaces of
biomass such as corn stalks, may lower costs in the production of cellulose - based biofuels
like ethanol.
Comparing these maps of terrain, the snow -
like food source and that of the distribution of life on the sea - floor illustrated there was up to a three-fold increase of
biomass on elevated terrain.
Slowing said the technology also has other possible applications,
like the treatment of
biomass.
Wheeler examined International Energy Agency data for 174 countries on investments in six low - carbon power sources (hydro, geothermal, nuclear,
biomass, wind and solar) to find the incremental costs of clean power compared to a cheaper, carbon - intensive option
like a conventional coal - fired power plant.
The group led by Martín Olazar, researcher in the UPV / EHU - University of the Basque Country's Department of Chemical Engineering, is studying the development of sustainable refineries where it is possible to produce fuels and raw materials providing an alternative to petroleum by using
biomass and other waste materials
like plastics, tires, etc..
Still, invasive plants
like Arundo donax, remain attractive within the energy industry because of the sheer volume of
biomass they are able to produce in a short period of time.
In a research paper a proof of concept is given that
biomass can be converted into chemicals with fuel -
like properties.
It shows that for this «plan B» to be on the table, we will need vigorous development, deployment and acceptance of technologies
like sustainable
biomass in conjunction with carbon capture and storage,» says IIASA Deputy Director Nebojsa Nakicenovic, a co-author on the paper and a co-chair of the GCP scientific steering committee.
When storms, fires, or other disturbances kill a great number of trees, the dead
biomass is decomposed by fungi, insects, and the
like, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Like its cousins, common forms of algae, cyanobacteria suck in huge amounts of carbon dioxide from the environment and convert it into other materials, such as
biomass.
Those precursor gases come from manmade sources
like fossil fuel combustion and production, biofuel combustion, industrial processes and
biomass burning.
The organic aerosol particles that coat the toxic hitchhikers are wafted into the atmosphere through emissions from trees (
like those that produce the smell of pine trees), and burning
biomass and fossil fuel to form a semi-solid sap -
like casing surrounding and protecting the particle's payload from breaking down in the atmosphere.
Understanding the biomechanics of this little snail could help engineers design some nifty sea - faring robots, and it could also help with ecological studies: Zooplankton
like helicina move upwards to the surface of the ocean each night to eat (and avoid being eaten), and this mass migration of tiny organisms is one of the biggest
biomass movements on the planet.
Other
biomass - based fuels, however, are genuinely sustainable — fuels derived from things
like crop waste, or switchgrass, or sustainably harvested cover crops.
Ordinarily, it is wasted when plant
biomass, including cellulose, is converted into biofuels
like ethanol.
In this in vitro study, the antifungal effects of the fennel seed oil were analyzed from various characteristics,
like Mycelia growth, spore germination, and
biomass.
They're plentiful in the ocean, with an estimated
biomass of 379 - million tons (a
biomass significantly larger than humans» estimated 100 - million tons), and they're a popular meal item for sea animals
like whales, birds and other fish, placing them solidly at the bottom of the ocean's food chain.
However, at an estimated 600 million tons, the
biomass of these shrimp -
like crustaceans more than double the
biomass of human beings.
Choose renewables to take control of your own energy —
like solar, wind or
biomass.
The graphics are paired with plenty of explanatory text that defines key terms,
like decibel and
biomass, and snappy collage illustrations of some creatures.
A better title would have been: «Fueled: The Effects of Using Food for Fuel» or something
like that, because the central question of the book is to what degree has using crops to produce
biomass for fuel production (usually ethanol) affected the costs of food and fuel.
Current growth in forcings is dominated by increasing CO2, with potentially a small role for decreases in reflective aerosols (sulphates, particularly in the US and EU) and increases in absorbing aerosols (
like soot, particularly from India and China and from
biomass burning).