Professor Capechi has shed light on the causes of several
human birth abnormalities, while Professor Smithies has worked on the blood disease thalassemia and hypertension.
Cats host the toxoplasmosis infection, and if it passes to an unborn fetus it can cause stillbirths,
birth abnormalities, and miscarriages.
Zika has been linked to an increase in cases of microcephaly,
a birth abnormality in which the head and brain are unusually small, and Guillain - Barre syndrome, a rapidly developing neurological condition that causes weakness of the arms and legs and can progress to life - threatening respiratory failure.
Using individual birth certificate records for more than 500,000 single births between 1997 and 2011, coupled with pesticide use data at a fine spatial and temporal scale, the scientists were able to determine if residential agricultural pesticide exposure during gestation — by trimester and by toxicity — influenced birth weight, gestational length or
birth abnormalities.
They found negative effects of pesticide exposure for all birth outcomes — birth weight, low birth weight, gestational length, preterm birth,
birth abnormalities — but only for mothers exposed to very high levels of pesticides — the top 5 percent of the exposure distribution in this sample.
The unthinking assumption that all health and
birth abnormalities are genetic in origin can be dangerous.