Not exact matches
Recent school safety proposals introduced after Parkland — like potentially arming some teachers
and staff — also ignore that
students of color, especially
black students, are
more likely to face discipline
and punishment in schools than their
white peers,
and that many of these disparities could be exacerbated by recent proposals to arm teachers or increase school security.
And it's hardly racially balanced: Black students are three times more likely to be suspended or expelled than white students, according to the Education Department's Office for Civil Rights, and research in Texas found students who have been suspended are more likely to be held back a grade and drop out of school entire
And it's hardly racially balanced:
Black students are three times
more likely to be suspended or expelled than
white students, according to the Education Department's Office for Civil Rights,
and research in Texas found students who have been suspended are more likely to be held back a grade and drop out of school entire
and research in Texas found
students who have been suspended are
more likely to be held back a grade
and drop out of school entire
and drop out of school entirely.
Additionally, this is an education system that promotes inequality
and therefore injustice: Schools in the United States are twice as likely to pair poor
and minority
students with brand - new teachers
and almost four times
more likely to suspend
black students than
white students.
Performance gaps between
black and Latino
students and their
white and Asian counterparts remained wide — some 30 points in ELA
and even
more in math.
The authors did not find support for another possible outcome suggested in the academic literature: that
black students are
more likely to be recommended for gifted programs by both
black and white teachers when those teachers are part of a racially diverse teaching force.
Specifically, the study shows that
black teachers» perceptions of
black students are
more positive than are
white teachers» perceptions,
and these perceptions drive assignment differences.
Compared to
White students, Latino
students were 45 percent less likely to take the test,
Black students were 35 percent less likely,
and Asian
students were 32 percent
more likely.
Eberhardt
and Stanford psychology graduate
student Jason Okonofua examined the psychological processes involved when teachers discipline
black students more harshly than
white students.
Here, a referral suggests that the teacher perceives the
student as having social, emotional, or behavioral skills that are problematic enough to warrant outside help, reaffirming earlier research showing that teachers perceive misbehavior by
black boys as
more aggressive
and problematic than misbehavior by
white boys.
Racial differences in school discipline are widely known,
and black students across the United States are
more than three times as likely as their
white peers to be suspended or expelled, according to Stanford researchers.
Latino teachers were better perceived across all measures, while
students perceived
Black teachers (
more than their
White peers) to hold
students to high academic standards
and support their efforts, to help them organize content,
and to explain ideas clearly
and provide feedback.
Middle
and high school
students, regardless of their race
and ethnicity, have
more favorable perceptions of their
Black and Latino teachers than of their
White teachers, finds a study by NYU's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education,
and Human Development.
Not surprisingly, the
more teachers believed they could make a difference, the better both
black and white students scored on achievement tests.
Results revealed that attitudes toward
black /
white relationships were less positive at hbus,
and that overall,
black students disapproved of interracial dating
more commonly than
white.
What's
more, his glorious, wild halo of hair is a flashpoint both for condescending
white folk
and for his fellow
black students, some of whom ask him outright why he doesn't do something about it.
Mixed - race
student Sam (a terrific Tessa Thompson) dishes «dear
white people» advice on her college radio show («you now need two
black friends to not appear racist,
and your weed dealer doesn't count»)
and enters
student politics with a pledge to bring
more black culture to the school.
• A 2014 study by Goldrick - Rab, Kelchen,
and Houle
and a 2015 report by Demos show that
black students borrow
more than other
students for the same degrees,
and black borrowers are
more likely than
white borrowers to drop out without receiving a degree.
• Debt
and default among
black or African - American college
students is at crisis levels,
and even a bachelor's degree is no guarantee of security:
black BA graduates default at five times the rate of
white BA graduates (21 versus 4 percent),
and are
more likely to default than
white dropouts.
While one finds some evidence that high - achieving
students are
more popular among
students of other ethnicities, the increment is not enough to offset the decline in popularity within their own ethnic group — a predictable finding, given that
black and white students have only, on average, one friend of another ethnicity,
and Hispanics just one
and a half.
• Two recently published studies (by Addo, Houle,
and Simon
and Grinstein - Weiss et al.) use national survey data to show that
black students hold substantially
more debt by age 25 compared to their
white counterparts,
and that disparities are evident even after controlling for family income
and wealth, indicating that differences in postsecondary
and labor market experiences contribute to the debt gap.
Compared to all
students in the same states,
students at K12 - operated schools are
more likely to be
white (75 vs. 55 percent), less likely to be Hispanic (10 vs. 28 percent),
and about equally likely to be
black (11 percent).
In 2006, a U.S. Department of Education report noted that
black graduates were
more likely to take on
student debt,
and in 2007, an Education Sector analysis of the same data found that
black graduates from the 1992 - 93 cohort defaulted at a rate five times higher than that of
white or Asian
students in the 10 years after graduation (Hispanic / Latino graduates showed a similar, but somewhat smaller disparity).
In particular,
black and Hispanic
students are far
more likely to be poor than are
white students in Texas.
For exactly this reason, writes Gloria Ladson - Billings, a
black professor at the University of Wisconsin — Madison, in a recent essay in Ed Week, «There is something that may be even
more important than
black students having
black teachers,
and that is
white students having
black teachers.
This pattern likewise falls disproportionately along racial lines: for example, Latino
students are 1.4 times
more likely than
white students to attend a school with a law enforcement officer but not a school counselor (while Asian
students are 1.3 times as likely
and black students are 1.2 times as likely).
After two years of interviewing
more than 100
black, Latino,
and white undergraduates at an elite university, Jack came up with a new way to think about how factors like poverty
and socioeconomic segregation — segregation by class — shape the way
students experience college.
The teachers in predominantly poor, minority schools, who are reportedly mostly
black and have adopted the
more teacher - centered, authoritarian style of instruction that they view as appropriate for their
students, are turning off
white, upper - middle - class parents who want school climates similar to their own progressive homes, where problems are discussed.
Nationwide, on average,
black students are four times
more likely to live below the poverty line
and 30 percent less likely to have a college - educated mother than
white students.
The vast majority of the recipients are
black students who left schools with
student populations that were disproportionally
black relative to the broader community
and moved to private schools that had
more white students.
He argues that suspending
black students more often for truancy is not discriminatory if the disparity was the result in behavioral differences,
and not intentional different treatment,
and supplies evidence that
black students self - report being truant nearly twice as often as
white students.
She asserts that
white, liberal educators who value
student - centered pedagogy
and soft, conversant, negotiated power end up alienating
and confusing children who are used to explicit instructions
and assertive, strong authority figures, a parenting style
more common in the
black community.
They find
black and Hispanic
students were
more likely to be disciplined conditional on receiving a referral for «minor misbehavior» than were their
white peers.
Included here are two pictures, one of ser
and the other of estar with your choice of
black and white (for easier copying for the
students)
and another two in colour (for faster
and more beautiful posters).
The athlete, we discover, is relegated to dead - end remedial courses
and is allowed to persist in his delusion that his athletic prowess will win him a full ride through college; his experience prompts Maran to explore in some detail how academic tracking
and other
more subtle differences in teachers» expectations contribute to a situation where 60 percent of
white Berkeley High graduates attend a four - year college, while only 14 percent of
black students earn enough credits to do so.
As Matt Barnum put it in a recent Chalkbeat article, «
black and poor
students have substantially higher suspension rates than
white and more affluent peers.
Yet
black and Hispanic
students continued to receive 80 percent of all suspensions,
and were 6.5
and 3.7 times
more likely to be suspended than
white students, respectively.
White British
students are
more likely to drop out of post 16 education than ethnic minority
students: Indian (3 per cent), Pakistani / Bangladeshi (8 per cent),
Black (7 per cent)
and White British (10 per cent)
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But once the data are adjusted for the effects of the key background characteristics identified above,
black students appear to lose much
more ground than they do in the raw averages, falling 0.16 standard deviations in math
and 0.19 standard deviations in reading relative to
white students (see Figure 1).
African - American
students in Kentucky, Montana, Utah,
and Minnesota were three times
more likely to be identified as emotionally disturbed while
black students in Louisiana, Washington, Oregon, West Virginia,
and North Carolina were
more than twice as likely as
white students to be targeted for such special programs.
Over 50 years since the Civil Rights Era, there is perhaps no issue in American education
more intractable or
more painful than the persistent gaps in educational outcomes between
black and brown
students and their
white peers.
Other studies have found that both
black and white students who attend integrated schools are
more likely to work in desegregated companies after graduation than
students who attended racially isolated schools.
If
black students in the sample continue to lose ground through 9th grade at the rate experienced in the first two years of school, they will lag behind
white students on average by a full standard deviation in raw math
and reading scores
and by
more than two - thirds of a standard deviation in math even after controlling for observable characteristics (the gap would be substantially smaller in reading).
Similarly, studies based on observations from actual classrooms often find that
black students with
white teachers receive less attention, are praised less,
and are scolded
more often than their
white counterparts.
This is consistent with the notion that the apparent achievement gains associated with having a
black teacher reflect in part the relatively low quality of
white teachers who work in
more disadvantaged schools
and in schools with large populations of African - American
students.
However ~ NAEP shows minimalto - no improvement for these
students ~
and some losses; whats
more ~
white and Hispanic
students scores fell by 3 points ~
and black students scores stayed the same ~ so only the influx of new wealthier
students with higher scores could account for the small overall gain.
Due to Simpson's Paradox, where the size of the group can mask aggregated data, the scores of
white students,
black students,
and Hispanic
students all gained
more than the national average.
Thomas Dee's finding («The Race Connection,» Research, Spring 2004) that both
white and black students learned
more when taught by teachers of the same race has implications that go far beyond his discussion.
Black students, the study conducted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control found, were
more likely than
white or Hispanic
students to have had sex,
and boys were
more likely than girls to have done so.
Again using the
more reliable within - cohort comparisons, Jacobsen
and his colleagues found that in both math
and reading a
black -
white gap was virtually always present, even for
students whose scores were similar just one or two years earlier.