That earlier study, led by economist Donna Ginther of the University of Kansas in Lawrence, prompted NIH to launch a $ 250 million diversity initiative aimed at boosting the tiny number
of black scientists earning NIH's bread - and - butter research grants.
During oral arguments in a critical case about affirmative action, Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia suggested that «most
black scientists in the U.S.» benefit from not being admitted into top - tier programs.
One expert on racial inequality, economist Samuel Myers of the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, calls for the same type of comprehensive analysis to be done for NSF; overall funding rates for
black scientists who apply for NSF grants are about 4 percentage points lower than for whites, according to the agency's own data since 2002.
Alfred Johnson writes about the NIH
Black Scientists Association and its goals and objectives for scientists of color working within the NIH.
The fact that
black scientists submitted less than 2 % of all Ph.D. applications for R01s and that investigators from outside the United States made up nearly half of that indicates that African Americans are «even more underrepresented than we had thought,» Kington says.
A 2011 report showed that
black scientists applying for an R01 are a third less likely to receive one than white scientists (Ginter Report).
First of all,
black scientists don't have a good - ol» - boy network in place to facilitate the process of guaranteed success.
In their study, Ginther et al., combined African - American (55 %) and
non-American black scientists (45 %), comparing their success rate with the whole cohort of R01 applicants.
In February, for example, the Amgen BEN held a youth summit to discuss the achievements of
black scientists with local African - American students.
To
help black scientists craft stronger proposals, NIH will make an effort to include minorities in a new program that allows early - career scientists to participate in study sections to learn about the process.
NIH also hopes to explore another troubling finding:
Black scientists benefit less from training programs than white scientists do when they apply for an R01.
But when Ginther's team included both scored and nonscored proposals, they found stark differences: While 29 % of applications from whites were funded, only 25 % of Asian applications were and only 16 % of those
from black scientists (see table).
As a graduate student, postdoc and during her first faculty year, she was a beneficiary of FACES, a National Science Foundation - funded stipend programme that is aimed
at black scientists in training.
For just as long she has contended that black people — those who participate in studies as well
as black scientists — should be included in greater numbers in medical research.
Back in the day, the n - word was the n - word, and the er at the end wasn't replaced with an a until Fredrick Douglass (the
first black scientist who discovered the allele that makes makes white people smell like baloney) decided to create the first nine step handshake.
While names like Martin Luther King, Jr. and Rosa Parks are known, names of
famous black scientists and inventors are not as common.
Adding to that challenge is the fact that many of the
young black scientists who have become postdocs and professors have done it by being mentally tough, which can make them less likely to seek help when they need it, Brown says.
Ginther also points out that in their Science paper, her team said another explanation for the racial gap could be that
black scientists submit weaker proposals.
Luckily for me, I was living in Stanford's Ujamaa dorm — the de facto home of Stanford's Society
of Black Scientist and Engineers (SBSE).
Unfortunately, identifying mentors can be difficult for young
black scientists, says Chester Brown, a pediatric geneticist at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas.
Publicizing that young
black scientists have such a hard time winning NIH's R01s, some leading black biomedical scientists say, may unfortunately make things worse.
The gap was large:
A black scientist's chance of winning NIH funding was 10 percentage points lower than that of a white scientist.
Smith brings to this perspective his experience «being
a black scientist in a white world» as a Sierra Leone native who came to the United States to earn a Ph.D. in genetics, stayed, worked his way through multiple research labs and rose to a coveted position at the Blacksburg, Va. university.
They found that
black scientists» chances of winning a grant for their research idea were a startling 10 percentage points lower than for white scientists even after controlling for their institution, research training, and publication record.
Compared with white faculty members in similar positions at the same set of institutions,
the black scientists were less productive, Wang's team found.
Underrepresented Minorities in Science:
A Black Scientist Shares His Keys to Success, by Roland Owens, 2 March 2001.
The study is one of two NIH - funded projects — the other strips previous applications of all identifying characteristics before subjecting them to a new round of reviews — now underway that were spawned by a 2011 finding that
black scientists have a much lower chance of receiving an NIH grant than their white counterparts.
While she was learning more about energy, Shelton was sharing her passion for science with others as a mentor with the Harvard Society of
Black Scientists and Engineers.
Provided they are authentic about it, cautions Wilson, citing Pantene's well - received Gold Series, formulated by a team of ten
black scientists, as a good example.
A black scientist discovers that an experimental serum he has developed to treat his kidney problem has rather unwelcome side effects, transforming him after sundown into a white killer.
And television shows like Bones, MythBusters, and Cosmos, as well as blogs on the role of
black scientists and inventors, will show scientists of different genders and racial backgrounds, too.
In this standout biography, Bolden presents
the black scientist whose affectionate nicknames included «the Wizard of the Goober and the Yam.»