Considering what we know about placental transfusion immediately after birth, and the importance of adequate
blood volume for newborns, it would be unethical to randomly allocate newborns to have premature clamping of their cords (and many mother's would refuse consent).
Three recent experimental studies focused on low consumption / exposure.949596 In one study, 29 smokers each consumed a single cigarette, immediately after which they had a significant decrease in
blood vessel output power and significant increase in
blood vessel ageing level and remaining
blood volume 25 minutes later, as markers of atherosclerosis.94 In another study, human coronary artery endothelial cells were exposed to the smoke equivalent to one cigarette, which led to activation of oxidant stress sensing transcription factor NFR2 and up - regulation of cytochrome p450,
considered to have a role in the development of heart disease.95 These effects were not seen when heart cells were exposed to the vapour from one e - cigarette.95 A study exposed adult mice to low intensity tobacco smoke (two cigarettes) for one to two months and found adverse histopathological effects on brain cells.96
It's no Zero Dark Thirty, not even a Lone Survivor, and perhaps the sheer
volume of
blood spilled for the sake of excitement and hoo - rah is too great to
consider the film deeply respectful of its subject matter.