The Western conceptualization of rationality descends from the ancient Greeks» binary understanding of reason as disembodied, in contradistinction to emotion as embodied — this can be understood as the mind /
body dualism, famously articulated by Descartes.
These works also have a good balance between the conceptual and the visual, a nice escape from mind /
body dualism.
In this new age of technology the examination of the philosophy of mind /
body dualism takes on entire new dimensions.
Named for the «animatronic effigy» that the father of mind -
body dualism supposedly built after the death of his young daughter, this group show, curated by Piper Marshall, doesn't argue with the famous dichotomy so much as indulge in it, taking its inadequacies for granted and then squeezing out the fun it still has to offer.
No accident that a doddering, Freudian professor The Future trots out as their guru posits, essentially, the cognitive science of religion in the mind -
body dualism.
While there, he came across the writings of neuroscientist Christoph Koch and molecular biologist Francis Crick, who together seized on the long - elusive phenomenon of consciousness, challenging the Cartesian view of mind -
body dualism in compelling treatises published beginning in the 1990s.
Descartes, on the other hand, seems to have established a clear dichotomy between the two, mirrored in the mind /
body dualism for which he is famous.
Indeed, according to Aristotle, who formulated the theory of hylomorphism ¯ the theory whereby the soul is the form of the body, the polar opposite of mind /
body dualism ¯ body and soul are so closely intertwined that they can not be understood without one another.
(An interesting topic for another day might be how one's philosophy regarding mind /
body dualism factors into things.)
This curtain seemed to be raised by a few inches in the nineteen twenties, in those heroic days when de Broglie and Schroedinger de-materialized matter like the stage magician who makes the lady vanish from the box, while Heisenberg (1969) eased her out of the straitjacket of determinism and proclaimed that the principle of complementarity agreed «very nicely» with the mind -
body dualism — the implication being that the particle aspect of the electron was analogous to the body, its wave aspect to the mind.
Without reverting to a mind -
body dualism, we could point to the Occasions on which the body is not merely the passive instrument of the will.
Instead of a mind -
body dualism of two distinct substances, we have two ways of talking about a single set of events.
And the work of folks seeking an alternative to mind -
body dualism could also be helpful - Nancey Murphy, Joel Green, and others.
• Scientific Studies that Show a Positive Effect of Religion on Health • Mind -
Body Dualism — Is the Mind Purely a Function of the Brain?
According to this chart, the Christian worldview includes belief in young earth creationism, support for the death penalty, a commitment to mind /
body dualism, rejection of non-traditional family structure, and devotion to fee enterprise and capitalism.
4This is not to identify Sherburne with the skeptical mind -
body dualism established by Descartes and recently examined in its broadest ramifications by Richard Rorty in his Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1979).
The doctrine of forgiveness, the doctrine of the Cross as a symbol of redemption, the myths and the mysteries surrounding the human body and human sexuality, the identification of sin and temptation with femaleness, the Image of God, the mind /
body dualism that devalues female life, the depreciation of creation... these are some of the problems Christianity poses, giving subtle sanction to the violence women experience.
Avoiding the extremes of both a materialistic monism and a mind -
body dualism, Ashbrook and Albright advocate an emergent holism that recognizes that the brain has a «bottom up» influence on the mind, but also that the mind has a «top - down» influence on the brain.
Second, both thinkers framed their philosophies as reactions against the intellectual heritage of classical modern science and philosophy, Galilean - Cartesian physics, and Cartesian mind -
body dualisms.
Not exact matches
He makes some surprising claims in the chapter on human beings, arguing for a strong Cartesian
dualism of soul and
body for humans, but claiming that dogs and cats have immaterial souls as well.
We have allowed ourselves to accept the modern
dualism of humanity and nature, mind and
body.
Other animals may be said to be
bodies that have spirits; we may be said to be spirits that possess
bodies.24 This is not to introduce a new
dualism but only to recognize that, although our
bodies are expressions of us both unconsciously and consciously, we can reflect about them and distance ourselves from them.
Perhaps the negative attitude is due to the influence of Platonic
dualism, the distinction between man's
body and soul.
Charismatics maintain a persistent
dualism of spirit and
body.6 God surely enters and transforms the
body, but does not merge with it.
Jesus does not think of man in terms of the anthropological
dualism of Hellenistic mysticism; that is, he does not speak of the tragedy of man, of the entangling of the divine soul in the earthly
body, of its purification and liberation, either through cultic means or through contemplation, devotion, and absorption of self into the Infinite.
Some feel it reflects a negative valuation of human sexuality based on the
dualism of Hellenistic thought, which saw salvation as a freeing of the soul from the
body, rather than the biblical tradition which affirms the goodness of the whole creation.
At the same time, one avoids the
dualism that is so unfashionable at present: the mind / soul is not held to be a separate, inserted entity, but a phenomenon that emerges naturally from the brain /
body.
Although the mainstreams of Christianity and Judaism long ago rejected it, what is sometimes described as «
body - self
dualism» is back with a vengeance, and its followers are legion.
This dimension of Hellenism is an important source of much of our traditional
dualisms, such as soul -
body and the denigration of worldliness, which in part was adopted by the Christian tradition.
John Lizza, professor of philosophy at Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, agrees with McMahan's
dualism, asserting that personhood itself is distinct from the physical
body or organism.
But whether I use the term «psychicalism,» favored by the process philosophers, or such terms as Russell's «neutral stuff» or Feigl's distinction between the physical as the «reference» and the psychical as the «sense,» I am merely positing a name, not arguing philosophically for a conceptual scheme designed to overcome the
body / mind
dualism.
The Christian
dualism of saved soul and unsaved
body in one and the same church became embodied in the American
dualism of free and unfree in one and the same country.
For him, transcendence rejects the
dualism of
body and soul, of time and eternity, etc., and is not a picture story of how everything is going to end up but means keeping ourselves aware that» [t] omorrow can be different.
Among the
dualisms they most strongly oppose are those of mind and matter, spirit and
body, thinking and feeling, human and natural.
In the former case, the
dualism is usually that of soul and
body, with the assumption that only human beings have souls.
This uniqueness does not force us to return to the Cartesian
body - soul
dualism.
For scientists,
body / soul
dualism is out — but they're pretty happy talking about consciousness in non-bodily terms, and leaving it to the philosophers to explain its interaction with our brains in the way Descartes had to explain the soul.
Where Descartes turned to the language of substance to explain certain philosophical problems, social theorists like Morton frequently establish a
body / culture
dualism in its place.
The other great failure of Fuller's account (also shared by Gillespie) is his interpretation of the Christian tradition in terms of the
dualism of
body and soul.
He comes down in favour of a theory of «integrative
dualism», in which consciousness is seen as «an emergent reality that is logically but not (in this world) causally separable from a physical brain and
body.»
When we divorce theology from our physical
body, we become guilty of
dualism, and our theology become idolatrous.
Israel admitted no
dualism of mind and
body with a sort of antithesis and rivalry between them; but man was one single unified organism and personality.
Cartesian
dualism, sharply separating mind and
body, had long been rejected by the twentieth century and with it the Platonic idea of a soul, or mind, that could exist independently and forever apart from a
body.
One of the problems of Christianity in the past has been otherworldliness and an accompanying
dualism of spirit and
body.
I'll tell you about trusting our souls and our
bodies, about believing in the inherent goodness of our physicality, about the lie of
dualism separating our spirits and our
bodies.
When asked about the
body - soul distinction, Polkinghorne, argued engagingly for a distance from
dualism, while maintaining a certain complimentarity of the physical and the spiritual.
Occasionally, Hartshorne even speaks of a «besouled
body,» but by such language he means only the probability of certain modes of action and experience that embody a given personality's characteristic traits.11 Consequently, he suggests that, when a person's
body goes into a deep, dreamless sleep, the soul loses its actuality, only to regain it when the person awakens.12 Understandably, therefore, he disregards as inapplicable to his own view Gilbert Ryle's well - known caricature of Cartesian anthropological
dualism as «the dogma of the Ghost in the Machine» — especially since Hartshorne denies that the human
body is a «machine» in any materialistic, mechanical sense.13
Just as Hartshorne's cosmology abandons the traditional Western metaphysical
dualism of matter and mind, so his anthropology rejects the derivative notion, explicitly advocated by Plato and Descartes, that man is basically a dualistic being composed of a material
body and a spiritual soul.
It does this, with regard to the mind -
body problem, by reconciling the truth in Cartesian
dualism — that mind and brain are distinct and interact — with the truth in materialist physicalism — that all actual things are physical, so that there is no dualistic interaction.
In this
dualism, spirit is opposed to
body, with spirit assumed to be higher and superior and the
body lower and inferior.