Boggy and deep forest
conditions being hypothesied both to foster better fossil preservation of stomata structures, and to promote higher than global CO2 concentrations locally, thus to skew observations to the belief of higher CO2 levels than actual.
Preferred habitat: Coastal woods, swamps,
boggy streams + + + + Foliage / winter appearance: almost evergreen + + + + Soil
conditions: loam, clay, tolerates poor drainage + + + + Light
conditions: dappled shade to full sun + + + + Plant spacing: 20 feet + + + + Wildlife value: leaves favored by deer; berry - like seeds eaten by many bird species and small mammals; leaves are used in bird nest building