The new
bottom water circulates south, mingles somewhat with Antarctic bottom water around southern Africa, and increasingly mixes back upward in the southwest Indian Ocean.
Eventually, it makes its way back to the surface as the ocean's
bottom water circulates and rises anew near the equator (although carbon buried in sediment might stay buried longer).
Not exact matches
This buffering process occurs over 20,000 years, roughly the time it takes for
water to
circulate along the
bottom from the Atlantic to the Pacific and back up to the surface several times.
In Northern California, AltaRock Energy hopes to become the first of many developments to produce geothermal energy by fracturing rock at the
bottom of a deep hole and then
circulating water through the cracks to generate steam.
The new pumps are critical for «enhanced geothermal systems,» in which energy is produced by fracturing dry rock at the
bottom of a deep hole and then
circulating water through the cracks to generate steam.
Adding a PVC - pipe sprinkler at the top of the tank, and a reverse sprinkler at the
bottom of the tank, injects
water into the system and keeps all the
water circulating.
The marine produce of the island was also sold on the mainland, the catch being taken to market in large covered canoes with holes cut in the
bottom to keep the
water circulating, called viveros.
It can take a few thousand years for some
water at the
bottom of the ocean to be
circulated back to the top.