Sentences with phrase «brain behavioral studies»

Not exact matches

Recent research studies indicate that behavioral interventions not only change behavior they change how the brain looks and works.

According to this study, breast milk not only affects babies physical growth, «but also areas of their brain that shape their motivations, their emotions, and therefore their behavioral activity,» reported Dr. Katie Hinde, a Harvard University professor involved with the study.

A study published in the journal Behavioral Neuroscience suggests that fathers» brains respond differently to their daughters than to their sons.

While the theoretical principles guiding the use of the NBO and the accompanying training program, include many of the conceptual themes that informed our work with the NBAS, they are influenced by theoretical and clinical principles from the fields of infant mental health, child development, brain development, behavioral pediatrics, systems theory, communication studies, nursing, early intervention and cultural studies, among its influences.

The study team conducted a series of behavioral and brain imaging studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

«It is consistent with views of positive approaches to parenting and with our increasing understanding of brain development,» says Nathan Blum, a behavioral pediatrician at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, who has studied toilet training.

Most, if not all, of the distinctive behavioral characteristics that children with Selective Mutism portray can be explained by the studied hypothesis that children with inhibited temperaments have a decreased threshold of excitability in the almond - shaped area of the brain called the amygdala.

His group is also planning longitudinal studies to identify the brain and behavioral characteristics that distinguish children who will have persistent numerical and mathematical deficits from those whose problems are more transient.

Focusing on the neural pathway from the brain's prefrontal cortex to the amygdala, they combined optogenetics — a technique that uses light to control the activity of neurons in living tissue — with behavioral testing, a methodology that allows researchers to study functional connections between different regions of the brain.

«While previous studies at McLean and elsewhere have focused on the behavioral symptoms produced by such immune activation, this study goes deeper, going to the cellular level to show how the brain's neural circuits are affected.»

Just before the teenage years, «the rate of growth for many skills kind of slows down,» says Deborah Waber, an associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard University Medical School's Children's Hospital Boston and the lead author of a paper that reports the results of the behavioral component of the NIH Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Study of Normal Brain Development.

That question turned out to be the basis of a new field, behavioral epigenetics, now so vibrant it has spawned dozens of studies and suggested profound new treatments to heal the brain.

But a study in the July issue of Behavioral Ecology shows that the male brain isn't totally clueless.

These comprised not only «conventional» behavioral studies, but also the physical effects on the brains of test participants by measuring the Blood Oxygen Level - dependent (BOLD) response using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans.

According to behavioral studies, even in kindergarten and first grade, girls are more articulate than boys, their handwriting is more legible, and they're quicker at answering questions, says Louann Brizendine, a neuropsychiatrist at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) and author of The Female Brain.

In a study now being reviewed for publication, Bookstein and Streissguth looked at the results of behavioral tests and brain scans of 45 adult men, 30 of them afflicted with either fetal alcohol syndrome or fetal alcohol effects, the others not.

In a recent study published in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, López - Caneda and colleagues set out to see if the resting brains of binge - drinking college students showed any differences compared with those of their non-bingeing counterparts.

«Neurons become increasingly more complex in their extensions and connections as the brain matures, and the maturational delays reported previously in animal models and human behavioral studies of iron deficiency would predict that lower iron intake would produce neurons in cortical gray matter that are structurally less complex and more immature.

To identify the brain regions involved in canceling a decision, the new study recruited 21 subjects for a modified «stop signal task,» a commonly used neuroscientific behavioral test that involves canceling a planned movement.

No matter where the «brains» of plants might be located — if they exist at all, that is, since the idea remains controversial — plenty of behavioral studies show they are far more brainy than we tend to assume.

Raghanti says that the 20 chimps whose brains she studied had not been tested for cognitive or behavioral changes.

This particular brain, which has been so thoroughly studied in the behavioral domain, may still have some anatomical surprises in store.

In this study, the researchers found that conditional deletion of Sox2 — the gene encoding the SOX2 stem cell transcription factor — and the associated dampening of astrocyte reactivity appear to promote functional recovery, including behavioral recovery, after traumatic brain injury, said Dr. Zhang, a W.W. Caruth, Jr..

To support their behavioral studies, the HHMI Janelia group performed deep brain imaging in freely - moving AGRP - specific calcium reporter mice using miniature head - mounted fluorescent microscopes.

Concerns arose this summer when an NIH official said the definition could apply to many basic behavioral research projects, including brain studies — for example, having healthy volunteers perform a computer task while wearing an electrode cap or lying in an MRI machine.

«These results suggest that for drugs to have an effect on a person, he or she needs to believe that the drug is present,» said Dr. Xiaosi Gu, assistant professor in the School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and the study's lead author.

«The study was inspired by patients who had experienced moments of «volcanic craving», being suddenly overcome by the extreme desire for cocaine, but without a trigger that they could put their finger on,» says senior author Anna Rose Childress, PhD, research professor of Psychiatry, director of the Brain - Behavioral Vulnerabilities Division in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

To conduct the study, Salas and her colleagues from the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which painlessly and noninvasively delivers electromagnetic currents to precise locations in the brain and can temporarily and safely disrupt the function of the targeted area.

But until this study, no precise anatomical location for this integration of the brain's reward and arousal systems has been pinpointed, said Luis de Lecea, PhD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences.

The approach that we wanted to investigate, however, was to measure the «fundamentals» of cognition,» said study co-author Billy Hammond, a UGA professor of brain and behavioral sciences in the department of psychology and director of the Vision Sciences Laboratory.

Most importantly for the study's researchers, «It puts the final nail in the coffin of the idea that small brains constrain insects»» cognitive abilities, says co-author Lars Chittka, a behavioral ecologist also at Queen Mary University of London.

The emotion control center of the brain, the amygdala, shows significantly higher levels of activation in males viewing sexual visual stimuli than females viewing the same images, according to a Center for Behavioral Neuroscience study led by Emory University psychologists Stephan Hamann and Kim Wallen.

«This study confirms in an animal model that high - THC cannabis use by adolescents may have long - lasting behavioral effects,» said lead author Dr. Ken Mackie, professor in the IU College of Arts and Sciences» Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and director of the Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Science at IU Bloomington.

In summary, the results of this study show the potential for functional MRI to bridge the dissociation that can occur between behavior that is readily observable during a standardized clinical assessment and the actual level of residual cognitive function after serious brain injury.14 - 16 Thus, among 23 patients who received a diagnosis of being in a vegetative state on admission, 4 were shown to be able to willfully modulate their brain activity through mental imagery; this fact is inconsistent with the behavioral diagnosis.

«Studies of fetuses and babies with the telltale small brains and heads of microcephaly in Zika - affected areas have found abnormalities in the cortex, and Zika virus has been found in the fetal tissue,» says Guo - li Ming, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of neurology, neuroscience, and psychiatry and behavioral science at Johns Hopkins» Institute for Cell Engineering.

«While the results of this study are preliminary, they hold promise for enhancing and maintaining brain reserve in later life, particularly among sedentary individuals who may benefit most urgently from behavioral interventions like Experience Corps,» said Carlson, who is now leading a larger fMRI trial as part of a large - scale randomized trial of the Baltimore Experience Corps Program.

In the course of this work, he has pioneered several new approaches in the fruit fly that have had important implications for mammalian neurobiology, including: the demonstration that the fruit fly has a sleep - like behavior similar to that of mammals, studies of physiological and behavioral consequences of mutations in a neurotransmitter system affecting one of the brain's principal chemical signals, studies making highly localized genetic alterations in the nervous system to alter behavior, and molecular identification of genes causing naturally occurring variation in behavior.

Dr. Parsons had a unique talent to link novel approaches in analytical chemistry with sophisticated techniques in behavioral pharmacology and neurocircuitry, and this approach opens the door to novel, out - of - the - box studies of brain mapping that are recognized as the key to new advances in our understanding of the circuitry of the brain, a major new initiative of the National Institutes of Health.

Dr. Amaral's interests include research involving multidisciplinary studies directed at determining the neuroanatomical, behavioral and electrophysiological organization and functions of brain systems that are involved in learning, memory, emotion and social behavior carried out on the human brain and on animal models.

This is the first study to demonstrate that behavioral interventions can have a positive effect on brain function in people with cognitive disability caused by MS, an important step in validating the clinical utility of cognitive rehabilitation.

«This study differs from what's been reported previously about brain neurons that control the gastrointestinal tract,» said R. Alberto Travagli, professor, Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, and lead investigator.

Center investigators in psychology include Randolph Blake, who uses behavioral and brain - imaging techniques to study the neural bases of human visual perception, with an emphasis on binocular vision and motion perception.

The majority of behavioral studies have used Type II strains, which are known to result in high parasite - cyst loads in the brains of mice and cause correspondingly high levels of immune - mediated brain inflammation [11], [12], [13].

Recent studies reported that gestational nicotine exposure modulates the cell - adhesion and cell - death / survival systems in the brains of adolescent rats and may lead to numerous behavioral and physiological deficits [41], [42].

Seiden quickly established himself as one of the pioneers in the emerging field of psychopharmacology, the study of the behavioral effects of drugs and how they work in the brain.

1/17/2008 Rapid Effects of Intensive Therapy Seen in Brains of Patients with OCD In a study that may significantly advance the understanding of how cognitive - behavioral therapy affects the brain, researchers have shown that significant changes in activity in certain regions of the brain can be produced with as little as four week... More...

The effects of steroid may last for at least two years, and cause permanent brain changes, the Behavioral Neuroscience study warns.

Behavioral tests are also important for studying the impacts of brain injury on learning and memory in the context of head trauma, oxygen deprivation, or lesions in specific brain regions.

Very little is known about the large - scale brain networks that may underlie the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of FXS.To identify large - scale, resting - state networks in FXS that differ from control individuals matched on age, IQ, and severity of behavioral and cognitive symptoms.Cross - sectional, in vivo neuroimaging study conducted in an academic medical center.

The research team extrapolated the study to examine the process by which the brain drives the activity of neurons in bringing about concrete behavioral changes.