While the rats ran and then paused after reaching the food, the neurobiologists directly measured the animals»
brain cell activity using carefully placed electrodes.
Not exact matches
Deep
brain stimulation is
used in Parkinson's disease to trigger
brain cell activity and prevent the abnormal signalling that causes debilitating tremors, but placing the electrodes required is highly invasive.
Researchers at the Humboldt and Charité Universities in Berlin, led by Dr Julie Seibt from the University of Surrey,
used cutting edge techniques to record
activity in a particular region of
brain cells that is responsible for holding new information — the dendrites.
For his part, Collins, who has led NIH since 2009 and been kept on by the Trump administration, pointed to an array of promising NIH
activities, including the development of new technologies to provide insights into human
brain circuitry and function through the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neuroethologies (BRAIN initiative) and the use of the gene - editing tool CRISPR - Cas9 to correct mutations and clear the way to develop and test a «curative therapy» for the first molecular disease: sickle cell dis
brain circuitry and function through the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neuroethologies (BRAIN initiative) and the use of the gene - editing tool CRISPR - Cas9 to correct mutations and clear the way to develop and test a «curative therapy» for the first molecular disease: sickle cell dis
brain circuitry and function through the
Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neuroethologies (BRAIN initiative) and the use of the gene - editing tool CRISPR - Cas9 to correct mutations and clear the way to develop and test a «curative therapy» for the first molecular disease: sickle cell dis
Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neuroethologies (BRAIN initiative) and the use of the gene - editing tool CRISPR - Cas9 to correct mutations and clear the way to develop and test a «curative therapy» for the first molecular disease: sickle cell dis
Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neuroethologies (
BRAIN initiative) and the use of the gene - editing tool CRISPR - Cas9 to correct mutations and clear the way to develop and test a «curative therapy» for the first molecular disease: sickle cell dis
BRAIN initiative) and the use of the gene - editing tool CRISPR - Cas9 to correct mutations and clear the way to develop and test a «curative therapy» for the first molecular disease: sickle cell dis
BRAIN initiative) and the
use of the gene - editing tool CRISPR - Cas9 to correct mutations and clear the way to develop and test a «curative therapy» for the first molecular disease: sickle
cell disease.
Researchers are
using the sea hare model to learn about individual
cells function, discover the chemical pathways controlling various
brain activities and to study how memories are processed and stored.
To overcome these problems, Min and his team developed a new modality to visualize glucose uptake
activity inside single
cells based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging, and demonstrated its
use in live cancer
cells, tumor xenograft tissues, primary neurons and mouse
brain tissues.
The team
used this change in the variability of the song to look at how the
activity of single
cells in different parts of the
brain altered their
activity depending on the social environment.
Certain light - sensitive molecules also can be
used to inhibit the
activity of
brain cells, a finding that has implication for disorders such as epilepsy.
To find the answers, Phelps
uses the tools and principles of cognitive neuroscience, a discipline that explores how the
brain gives rise to the mind: how neuroanatomy and the electrical
activity of nerve
cells relate to thoughts and actions.
In a
brain slice, Olivia Masseck measures the
activity of nerve
cells in which she switches on their receptors
using light stimulation.
Two monkeys performed better on simple computer tasks after light was
used to boost the
activity of
brain cells necessary for the task.
An intracortical BCI
uses a tiny silicon chip, just over one - sixth of an inch square, from which protrude 100 electrodes that penetrate the
brain to about the thickness of a quarter and tap into the electrical
activity of individual nerve
cells in the motor cortex.
Rose and neuroscience doctoral student Rishi Alluri
used a novel combination of recording electrical
activity of single
brain cells and blocking neurotransmitter chemicals that carry nerve signals from one nerve
cell or neuron to the next.
Using a miniature microscope inserted into the
brains of the mice, Hen's team recorded the
activity of hundreds of
cells in the hippocampus as the mice freely moved around their surroundings.
For instance, autonomous vehicles could eventually prevent tens of thousands of road deaths; optogenetics —
using genetic engineering and light to manipulate
brain cell activity — could help cure or manage debilitating neurological diseases; and materials like graphene could ensure more people than ever have access to cheap clean water.
Using a technique that employs light to control nerve
cell activity, researchers in Professor Jeff Wickens» Unit inactivated a region of the
brain and showed that it caused the rats to behave more flexibly while trying to get a reward.
18 healthy volunteers were monitored by
using EEG to measure the electrical
activity generated by their
brains» neurons (the signalling
cells) while simultaneously recording fMRI measurements.
One even showed greater dopamine
activity in the injured side of the
brain than on the normal side, indicating, says Jaenisch, that «these IPS
cells could be
used also for generating function of dopaminergic neurons that could have therapeutic value.»
Using a miniature microscope inserted into the
brains of the mice, the researchers recorded the
activity of hundreds of
cells in the hippocampus as the mice freely moved around their surroundings.
Using Acks as a neural
activity marker, we demonstrated that neural
activity in the mushroom bodies, especially in Class II Kenyon
cells, one subtype of mushroom body intrinsic neurons, and a restricted area between the dorsal lobes and the optic lobes was increased in the
brains of Japanese honeybee workers involved in the formation of a hot defensive bee ball.
UC San Francisco researchers have identified
cells» unique features within the developing human
brain,
using the latest technologies for analyzing gene
activity in individual
cells, and have demonstrated that large - scale
cell surveys can be done much more efficiently and cheaply than was previously thought possible.
More recently, neuroscientists have been able to take a wider view of
brain function
using new technology to track
activity levels across the entire
brain instead of individual
cells.
For
using light to manipulate the
activities of
brain cells in living animals and for enabling rapid alterations to the genomes of living organisms.
A medical procedure, ECT
uses brief, low - energy electrical pulses to stimulate nerve -
cell activity in the area of the
brain that affects mood.
The scientists
used optogenetics — an innovative research tool that
uses light to activate or inhibit select
cells in the
brain — to stimulate either the go or the stop pathway in mice that were running on a tiny treadmill, while recording neural
activity in the brainstem.
The combination technique developed by Yang et al. will likely be
used by other scientists to further study the role of NMDA receptors in specific
brain cells during addiction and normal
brain activity.
In the book Relaxation Revolution: The Science and Genetics of Mind Body Healing, author Herbert (Benson) discusses how breathing can literally change the expression of genes, and that by
using your breath, you can alter the basic
activity of your
cells with your
brain.
According to an article in the NY Times, nerves were found that connect the
brain with the spleen and thymus, organs
used in immune responses, and it was established that nerve
cells could affect the
activity of infection - fighting white blood
cells.
«Generally,
brain cells have relatively high metabolic
activity and
use discrete oxidative damage - repair mechanisms to remove end - products of intracellular damage.
ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT - alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band
cell — type of white blood
cell Baso basophil — type of white blood
cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating
cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image
using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood
cell antibody test (immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure, tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (
brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (electrical heart
activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil — type of white blood
cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound by protein measured by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver, immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup of white blood
cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood
cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red
cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed -
cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte — type of white blood
cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red
cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed -
cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte — type of white blood
cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced tissue imaging) Na + sodium ion — unbound sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood
cell — immature red blood
cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed -
cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet —
cells involved in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood
cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood
cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil — type of white blood
cell USG Urine specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood
cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)