Sentences with phrase «brain cell receptors»

One of these brain cell receptors is referred to as the NMDA receptor.

The hormone works by binding to brain cell receptors.

Anandamide is among a class of naturally occurring chemicals in the body known as endocannabinoids that attach to the same brain cell receptors as does marijuana's active ingredient, THC, with similar outcomes.

Not exact matches

Microglia are the only cells in the brain that express the receptor CX3CR1.

As SNX27 plays an important role in shuttling the AMPA - receptor to the brain cell surface, lower levels of SNX27 means fewer receptors are carried to the surface, which consequently interrupts the signal transmission and impairs memory.

The scientists observed that transmission of chemical signals between the nerve cells are facilitated by AMPA - receptors and the activity occurs on the brain cell surface.

«Opioids have both analgesic and rewarding effects and they have these effects through mu opioid receptors and these receptors are expressed in pain terminals in the spinal cord and in areas of the brain that regulate pain but are also expressed in areas that regulate reward and a sense of pleasure,» Boyle said, referring to cells found in a person's central nervous system that bind to naturally occurring opioid compounds and reduce pain and make people feel much better.

He determined that epithelial cells lining the brain's blood vessel walls contain a surface protein, or receptor, that can snag insulin, the hormone essential for metabolizing carbohydrates and fats.

It is thus impossible for every receptor cell to send a separate message to the brain, and the concept that the array of receptor cells is equivalent to the grain of a photographic emulsion must be abandoned.»

The olfactory system comprises six million to 10 million receptor cells (of which there are nearly 400 different types) and links to multiple brain structures and neural pathways, including those involved in memory, emotion and movement.

Using fluorescent antibodies designed specifically to light up the receptor in mice, the investigators observed it on vagus nerves, which serve as a main biochemical connection between airway cells and the brain.

Previous research had shown that nicotine seems to have conflicting effects on different types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, proteins on the surface of brain cells that respond to nicotine and the naturally occurring neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

In a final experiment, the group gave the animals a compound that prevented LPA from binding to its receptor on mouse brain cells, right before they were injected with hydrocephalus - inducing LPA.

LPA receptors are all over neural progenitor cells, which go on to form neurons and other types of cells in a young brain.

GLP - 1 receptors are also found in the brain, and prior research has shown that activating them can boost the function of dopamine connections, act as an anti-inflammatory, improve energy production, and switch on cell survival signals.

When THC strikes specific cannabinoid receptors, it triggers domino chains of interacting molecules in neurons that culminate in both unusually elevated and abnormally low levels of various neurotransmitters (the molecules that brain cells use to communicate with one another).

The mutation, in a gene called HTR2B, prevents production of the serotonin 2B receptor, a key docking point in brain cells for the neurotransmitter serotonin.

The LPA receptor is expressed in the brain of human fetuses, just as in mice, and in the same types of neural progenitor cells.

We thought that if viruses could bind to receptors in these spaces and change how brain cells normally communicate, the virus could change behavior of the infected animal.»

So Harkany and his colleagues cultured mouse embryonic brain cells that expressed cannabinoid receptor proteins (CBRs) and exposed them to gradients of synthetic cannabinoids.

But my sharpest memory of those weeks is the helplessness of sitting in a hospital office learning that estrogen receptor - negative breast cancer cells in my sister's body had metastasized to her bones, lungs, and brain.

Maged Harraz, Ph.D., a research associate and the first author of the newly published research paper, says the researchers already knew that ketamine interacts with excitatory NMDA receptors on nerve cells in the brain to block their activity.

The researchers scoured the already deciphered mouse genome, looking for genes that might encode additional receptor proteins in its olfactory system, the sensory cells that connect the nose to the brain.

So Anacker's team decided to test whether the antidepressant sertraline acts on the glucocorticoid receptors of brain cells.

«The brain along with the reproductive system and every other cell in your body is exquisitely sensitive to exceedingly small changes in estrogen and other sex hormones, and the fact that the environment is full of chemicals that can activate estrogen receptors means this phenomenally sensitive system is being perturbed constantly by environmental factors.»

Specifically, the study — reported online in The Journal of Infectious Diseases — shows that E. coli K1 modulates the protein peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor - gamma (PPAR - γ) and glucose transporter - 1 (GLUT - 1) levels at the blood - brain barrier in human brain microvascular endothelial cells.

The research provides the first link between oxytocin — dubbed the «love hormone» — and anandamide, which has been called the «bliss molecule» for its role in activating cannabinoid receptors in brain cells to heighten motivation and happiness.

Parkinson's disease, for example, is caused by the overstimulation of the receptors on cells in the brain which respond to the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Ghrelin and leptin both have receptors in the area of the brain where dopamine cell bodies are located.

Morphine and its derivatives seem to exert their effects by binding to specific receptor sites on cells in the brain and the spinal cord.

Novitch's UCLA lab group has likewise used its brain organoids to pinpoint additional receptors by which the virus may gain entry into neural stem cells, and identified a few other drug leads for blocking infection.

Thus both in the cerebellum and hippocampus (previous image), insulin receptors are highly expressed in cells that form synapses onto MHCI - expressing neurons, which suggests MHCI and insulin receptors could interact, either directly or indirectly, in the living brain.

«The novelty of this study is two-fold: We used a preclinical prevention paradigm of a CRF - antagonist (a drug that blocks the CRF receptor in brain cells) called R121919 in a well - established AD model — and we did so in a way that draws upon our experience in human trials.

Neurons release neurotransmitters that are taken up by specific receptors, but many glial cells receive and emit neurotransmitters that float through the brain as free agents.

«Activation of these cell receptors appear to prevent brain cells from cleaning out the trash — the toxic buildup of proteins, such as alpha - synuclein, tau and amyloid, common in neurodegenerative diseases,» says the study's senior author, neurologist Charbel Moussa, MBBS, PhD, director of Georgetown's Laboratory for Dementia and Parkinsonism, and scientific and clinical research director of the GUMC Translational Neurotherapeutics Program.

The group employed various viral tracing methods — infecting receptor - expressing neurons with a virus strain and watching them spread as they label infected cells with a fluorescent protein — to visualize the neural circuit downstream of the ESP1 receptor, as well as providing an image of nerve fibers belonging to specific neurons in the brain and synapses relaying impulses from neuron to neuron, to map the anatomical foundation that conveys ESP1 signals in the brain.

Together, the findings demonstrate that Ggamma13 is essential for mammals to smell odors and extend the current understanding of how olfactory receptor cells communicate information about odors to the brain.

Akassoglou and her colleagues thought they had a good candidate in the gene for the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), a regulator of cell death in the brain that also switches on soon after liver injuries.

Think of brain cells as rooms with locks called receptors on their surfaces and a hypocretin as a key that is also a stimulant.

Kenyon cells make up only about 4 % of the entire fly brain and are extremely sensitive to inputs triggered by odors, in which only two connections between neurons, called synapses, separate them from the receptor cells at the «front end» of the olfactory system.

Neuropeptides are small proteins in the brains of all animals that bind to receptor proteins and cause activity in cells.

The impulses cause glutamate (one of the brain's main neurotransmitters) to pop out of one nerve cell and travel across the synapse to activate the next by binding to its receptors, chemically active signaling stations on the cell surface.

They suggest that even though fentanyl may no longer bind to opioid receptors in the PBC, narcotic - sensitive brain cells outside the PBC are enough to deaden pain.

Key to the researchers» efforts to track oxytocin at work in individual brain cells was use of an antibody developed at NYU Langone that specifically binds to oxytocin - receptor proteins on each neuron, allowing the cells to be seen with a microscope.

Liem says this dysfunction triggers the release of more of the hormone that stimulates these cells, but this hormone also stimulates a brain receptor related to pain sensitivity.

The number of receptors for the neurotransmitter in the brain amounts to 14, occurring in different cell types.

In a brain slice, Olivia Masseck measures the activity of nerve cells in which she switches on their receptors using light stimulation.

Somatostatin receptors located on brain - cell cilia are required for mice to learn to recognise new objects or to recall familiar ones.

As a result, they are too broad: They affect more than one type of receptor, on more than one kind of nerve cell, in more than one part of the brain.

«We hope this atlas will be a roadmap for the field to explore the relationship between specific cell types, signaling pathways, receptors, and the physiological function of brain circuits,» Kriegstein added.