Sentences with phrase «brain cell structure»

Not exact matches

The question as to whether the structure of a cell is more like that of a brain or of a tree is a factual one.

Omega 3 is known to be anti-inflammatory and important for the cell structure within our eyes and brain.

Tau helps provide structure to brain cells, is a marker for axonal damage — and is also what McKee finds spotted throughout the brains she examines in her Boston U. lab.

She demonstrated that early experience leads to lasting changes in the molecular structure of the brain and discovered a gene involved in the spread of brain cancer cells into healthy brain tissue.

Studying mice, investigators from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis showed that a specific energy source called NAD is important in cells responsible for maintaining the overall structure of the brain and for performing complex cognitive functions.

Since the first human brain organoids were created from stem cells in 2013, scientists have gotten them to form structures like those in the brains of fetuses, to sprout dozens of different kinds of brain cells, and to develop abnormalities like those causing neurological diseases such as Timothy syndrome.

That success represents a dilemma for neuroscience, said bioethicist Hank Greely of Stanford University: «When you make a chimera with human cells in its brain, the closer the resulting brain is to human» in structure and function and «the greater the ethical and public concern.»

STOP SIGNS Brainlike structures grown from autistic patients» stem cells (right) produced greater numbers of brain cells that make other brain cells less active (green and red) compared with structures grown from the cells of a non-autistic family member (left).

It goes beyond the structure of life and gets to biological processes, including how cells or molecules move, how cells respond to their environment or neighbors, and how the brain works or how injuries heal, he says.

«While environmental enrichment didn't seem to significantly influence the number of neurons [that were damaged],» explains Tsai, «it does induce the growth of dendrites and high numbers of synapses,» both of which are neuronal structures that underlie how brain cells communicate with one another.

The brainlike structures created from cells taken from autistic children showed increased activity in genes that control brain - cell growth and development.

Stuart Hameroff, an anesthesiologist who has spent many years studying brain functions, has collaborated with renowned Oxford University polymath Roger Penrose on a model that explains consciousness as the result of quantum processes occurring in tiny structures called microtubules in brain cells.

Scientists we sent Anand's poster presentation to said that although the team has indeed grown some kind of miniature collection of cells, or «organoid», in a dish, the structure isn't much like a fetal brain.

BRAIN CANDY A new database offers a deep look at living human nerve cells, revealing elaborate branching structures and myriad shapes, such as in this neuron called a pyramidal cell (cell image, left and 3 - D computer reconstruction, right).

Was there a chemical or genetic signal that induced stem cells to create the complex structures of the body and brain?

Specifically, it targets the cochlea, a snail - like structure in the inner ear where sensitive cells convey sound to the brain.

«We now have a handle on the detailed structure of a complex web of interactions that causes global dysfunction in cells resulting in degeneration of the brain.»

«First cell - type census of mouse brains: Surprises about structure, male - female differences: A multiyear project in the Brain Initiative, qBrain is already revealing the brain as never before.&rBrain Initiative, qBrain is already revealing the brain as never before.&rbrain as never before.»

A few microscopic techniques can focus light deep into the intact brains of dead animals to study its structure without damaging the axons, but much of this light is scattered away by the fatty lipid membranes that surround individual cells, making the technique less than perfect.

Their analysis focused on the substantia nigra, a brain structure where Parkinson's disease kills neurons that use the chemical dopamine to communicate with other cells.

Now, researchers have discovered that the drug changes the firing patterns of cells in a pea - size structure hidden away in the center of the brain.

Scientists headed by Dr. Stevens Rehen differentiated human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into neural stem cells and into further complex tridimensional structures, known as neurospheres and brain organoids.

While mouse models have traditionally been used in studying the genetic disorder, Deng said the animal model is inadequate because the human brain is more complicated, and much of that complexity arises from astroglia cells, the star - shaped cells that play an important role in the physical structure of the brain as well as in the transmission of nerve impulses.

This delicate structure is a single brain cell (neuron) from the hippocampus, the area in the brain that contributes to memory formation and recall and learning.

Agalliu also found that Th17 cells induced by strep opened the BBB only in certain spots: Since strep enters the body through the nose, it made sense that he saw the BBB was pierced near the olfactory bulb, the structure in the front of the brain that processes odors.

The olfactory system comprises six million to 10 million receptor cells (of which there are nearly 400 different types) and links to multiple brain structures and neural pathways, including those involved in memory, emotion and movement.

This results in shifts in the structure of the brain as it forms and displacement of cells from where they're supposed to be, including those that line the ventricles and help control fluid flow.

Viewed through an electron microscope, however, it's an intricate weave of branching, threadlike membranes whose structure, Stamets notes, resembles a network of brain cells.

«Regulator of chromosome structure crucial to healthy brain function and nerve development: Cohesin protein identified as key to control of chromosome structure underlying nerve cell network formation.»

Last year, the same researchers showed that the trigger came from cells in a structure in the embryonic brain called the floor plate, which dopamine cells brush past while migrating to their eventual home in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra.

Even short - term blockages of this kind can lead to remarkable changes in the auditory system, altering the behavior and structure of nerve cells that relay information from the ear to the brain, according to a new University at Buffalo study.

Some intriguing recent research supports his contention that microtubules — tiny structures in brain cells — can allow quantum phenomena to influence how neurons behave.

The recipe, described in Nature, allows human pluripotent stem cells to spontaneously attempt to assemble into a tiny approximation of a whole brain by making whatever brain structures the stem cells choose.

Fat cells release that «diet» hormone — today named leptin, from the Greek leptos, meaning thin — to begin a journey across the blood - brain barrier to the hypothalamus, the pea - size structure above the pituitary gland.

«Severe stress affects the size of the structures in the brain, causes cell death, and affects the number of connections between brain cells,» observes Kalin.

The scientists zoomed in on the ellipsoid body, a donut - shaped structure in the middle of the fly's brain where they suspected the insect equivalent of head direction cells might reside.

Between the brain's neurons and glial cells is a critical but understudied structure that's been called neuroscience's final frontier: the extracellular space.

The work, which appears in the journal Cell, focuses on the regulation of «neuronal plasticity» — changes in neuronal structure — and its function in the brain.

The size of the brain's ventricles — cerebrospinal fluid - filled spaces deep within the brain — became progressively larger during the course of treatment, and changes were also seen within the subventricular zone, one of two structures in which new brain cells are generated in adults.

Nevertheless, in the case of ET, some researchers theorize that variation in LINGO1 may preferentially affect cells in the brain's cerebellum, a brain structure that edits rough motor programs to produce coordinated movements.

Mapping the structure of the human brain is a daunting task: Billions of cells make vast numbers of connections, and tracing these tangled fibers is so labor - intensive that analyzing just one square millimeter of tissue takes years.

In order for a cancer cell to enter the brain, it must first bind to the cells which line the structure separating the blood from the brain which is called the blood - brain barrier (BBB).

Nathans is a neuroscientist who studies how cells in the retina — the light - absorbing structure at the back of the eye, which is considered part of the brain — assume their correct identities, and how those cells respond to injury and disease.

Located near the center of the brain, the nucleus accumbens is connected, by intermingled populations of cells, to many other brain structures having roles in pleasure seeking and drug addiction.

Prof. Fiona Doetsch's research team at the Biozentrum, University of Basel, has discovered that the choroid plexus, a largely ignored structure in the brain that produces the cerebrospinal fluid, is an important regulator of adult neural stem cells.

Eventually these smaller structures glom together to form plaques, but by then they have already damaged brain cells.

Investigations into human brain development using human cells in the culture dish have so far been very limited: the cells in the dish grow flat, so they do not display any three - dimensional structure.

The chemical labels newly divided cells, and in their brain tissue, it showed up in a sprinkling of neurons in the hippocampus — a seahorse - shaped structure involved in memory and learning.

Making up 70 billion of the nearly 86 billion neurons in the human brain, these relatively simple cells are tightly packed into the cerebellum, a broccoli - shaped structure tucked under the back of our brain.

For example, the researchers were able to identify previously unknown gene expression differences between the neural stem cells that give rise to the brain's deep structures versus its neocortical surface, and to show that molecular signatures of different neural cell types arise much earlier in brain development than previously realized.