Sentences with phrase «brain cell surface»

The scientists observed that transmission of chemical signals between the nerve cells are facilitated by AMPA - receptors and the activity occurs on the brain cell surface.

As SNX27 plays an important role in shuttling the AMPA - receptor to the brain cell surface, lower levels of SNX27 means fewer receptors are carried to the surface, which consequently interrupts the signal transmission and impairs memory.

Not exact matches

His work indicates that this cell surface marker could serve as a target for a novel brain cancer vaccine or T - cell therapies engineered to recognize and kill tumors carrying that neoantigen.

These cells line the eye's inner surface, sending visual information to the brain.

Inside the brain, prions presumably latch onto PrPC molecules on the surface of nerve cells and impose the prion conformation.

Further study revealed that these so - called immune proteins are actually present on the surface of certain nerve cells, but that they functioned differently in the brain than they did in the rest of the body; rather than scouting for germs, they influenced signals sent between neurons.

He determined that epithelial cells lining the brain's blood vessel walls contain a surface protein, or receptor, that can snag insulin, the hormone essential for metabolizing carbohydrates and fats.

Previous research had shown that nicotine seems to have conflicting effects on different types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, proteins on the surface of brain cells that respond to nicotine and the naturally occurring neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Images of the tumor cells are immediately created on an LCD screen observed as the surgeon scans the instrument across the tumor or brain surface.

Nevertheless, as Tobias says, it is still ``... a field beset with relatively few facts but many theories... The story of early hominid brains has to be read from carefully dated, well identified, fossilised calvariae, or from endocranial casts formed within them... Such materials confine the Hercule Poirot, who would read «the little grey cells» of fossil hominids, to statements about the size, shape and surface impressions... of ancient brains...» The other major limiting factor at the moment is the lack of suitable fossil skulls for such studies.

According to his unpublished findings, when he puts glioblastoma cells from patients into lab dishes with brain organoids, the cells attach to the surface of the organoids, burrow into them, and within 24 to 48 hours grow into a mass that eventually «looks exactly like what happened in the patient's own brain,» Fine said.

Think of brain cells as rooms with locks called receptors on their surfaces and a hypocretin as a key that is also a stimulant.

When zebrafish with the green fluorescing endothelial gene matured, the researchers observed green FGPs on the surface of the fish's brains — confirming that these cells arose from endothelial tissue.

In addition to seeing green lymphatic cells in the zebrafish embryos, the researchers noticed that green cells also covered the surface of the tiny fish's brains.

«And as a consequence of the lower replication of progenitor cells, WS brains have reduced cortex surface area.»

In the current study, the researchers showed that FGPs are present on the surface of the zebrafish brain and that these blood vessel - associated FGPs do not arise from the immune system, as had been previously thought, but from endothelial cells themselves.

Although their function is not completely understood, a special population of cells covering the blood vessels on the brain's surface is thought to contribute to the organ's protection.

The impulses cause glutamate (one of the brain's main neurotransmitters) to pop out of one nerve cell and travel across the synapse to activate the next by binding to its receptors, chemically active signaling stations on the cell surface.

This migrates to the surface of infected cells and anchors them to the walls of capillaries near organs, including the brain.

The study, funded by the charity Brain Tumour Research and conducted by researchers at their UK Centre of Excellence at the University of Portsmouth, examined the factors present on the surface of NSCLC cells.

The microscopy techniques that permit imaging of brain cells in awake mice generally can't visualize anything deeper than a fraction of a millimeter below the brain's surface, whereas the mPOA is several millimeters deep.

The cortex is the thin layer of cells on the surface of the brain that governs many functions, and in elephants it contains a greater variety of cell types (such as the extensively branched neuron pictured above) than is found in more frequently studied animals such as rodents and primates.

On the surface of our numerous star - shaped brain cells called astrocytes, they have found the molecule LRP4 is important in ensuring healthy levels of a brain chemical that enables learning and memory, said Dr. Lin Mei, chairman of the Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar in Neuroscience.

For example, the researchers were able to identify previously unknown gene expression differences between the neural stem cells that give rise to the brain's deep structures versus its neocortical surface, and to show that molecular signatures of different neural cell types arise much earlier in brain development than previously realized.

The tongues of most mammals hold taste receptors — proteins on the cellular surface that bind to an incoming substance, activating the cell's internal workings that lead to a signal being sent to the brain.

• Kappa opioid receptor, a protein on the surface of brain cells that is centrally involved in pleasure as well as in pain, addiction, depression, psychosis and related conditions.

In studies of neural development in mice, Stahl found that TRNP1 produces a protein that determines whether neural stem cells self - replicate, leading to a balloonlike expansion of cortical surface area, or whether they differentiate into a plethora of intermediate stem cell types and neurons, thickening the cortex and forming more complex brain structures.

Because endosomes are the vehicles that deliver cargo essential for communication between brain cells, changing their pH alters traffic to and from the cell surface, which could affect learning and memory, Rao says.

Doctoral student Laura Hamilton was astonished to find fat droplets near the stem cells, on the inner surface of the brain in mice predisposed to develop the disease.

Further research uncovered a broad spectrum of cell surface stem cell markers (e.g., CD133, CD44, and CD24) that allow the identification of CSCs in human solid tumors, including brain, breast, prostate, pancreas, liver, ovary, skin, colon cancers, and melanoma (3 - 6)(Figure 1 based on 7).

The folds in the human brain form sulci (grooves) and gyri (ridges), adding to its surface area to maximize the number of cells that can pack into our skulls, and increasing the quantity of information we can process.

The two papers identify the functions of two forms of TREM2 — the receptor form that sits on the surface of microglia, and a soluble fragment form that's released into the space surrounding cells in the brain.

aRG cells are highly elongated, extending a basal process all the way to the pial surface of the developing brain and an apical process that remains in contact with the ventricular surface (Fig. 1).

Cytoadhesion of P. falciparum in the brain leads to a large number of deaths each year and is a consequence of exported parasite proteins, some of which modify the erythrocyte cytoskeleton while others such as PfEMP1 project onto the erythrocyte surface where they bind to endothelial cells.