UBC's Shernaz Bamji and Stefano Brigidi have discovered how
brain cells change during learning and memories.
In short, we can take steps now to slow age - dependent
brain cell changes, preserve vital functions, and maintain mental health and vigor.
Not exact matches
When behavior is successful our
cells become finely tuned to what the animal was learning at the time while a failure shows little
change in the
brain or improvement in the monkey's behavior.
A clump of
cells with no
brain, and no neural tube is no more «a human life» than
cells from your skin layer, or a sperm
cell with no
change of fertilizing an egg.
She demonstrated that early experience leads to lasting
changes in the molecular structure of the
brain and discovered a gene involved in the spread of
brain cancer
cells into healthy
brain tissue.
Dr. Lobo said that this latest research could help researchers better understand
changes in
brain cells and mitochondria from other addictive disorders.
Using a mathematical model known as the Ising model, invented to describe phase transitions in statistical physics, such as how a substance
changes from liquid to gas, the Johns Hopkins researchers calculated the probability distribution of methylation along the genome in several different human
cell types, including normal and cancerous colon, lung and liver
cells, as well as
brain, skin, blood and embryonic stem
cells.
Using human fetal «mini-brains» grown in 3 - D cultures, scientists determined that a specific protein produced by the Zika virus
changes the properties of neural stem
cells in the developing
brain of an infected fetus, potentially causing microcephaly in newborns (Ki - Jun Yoon, abstract 103.06, see attached summary).
Prestin
changes shape when exposed to high - frequency sound, and this in turn deforms the fine hair
cells, setting off an electrical impulse to the
brain.
It has been particularly difficult to measure
changes in electrical functions of
cells grown within Organ Chips that are normally electrically active, such as neuronal
cells in the
brain or beating heart
cells, both during their differentiation and in response to drugs.
Now, researchers have discovered that the drug
changes the firing patterns of
cells in a pea - size structure hidden away in the center of the
brain.
Stories on a possible cause for severe morning sickness and how a mother mouse's care for her pups might trigger
changes to the genomes in their
brain cells
The
change is translated into an electrochemical signal that is picked up by nerve
cells, which relay it to the
brain.
«Disturbances to these processes may cause neuronal stem
cells to develop into different types of
cells or may cause neurons to migrate to different locations in the
brain,
changing neuronal circuitry and potentially leading to behavioral disorders like schizophrenia.»
We thought that if viruses could bind to receptors in these spaces and
change how
brain cells normally communicate, the virus could
change behavior of the infected animal.»
Researchers also studied the
brain tissue of the infected mice under a microscope and found that the memory problems tracked with
changes in nerve
cells.
Holdcroft believes that the
changes in the
brain are more likely to be the result of
changes in the volume of individual
cells, rather than
changes in the number of
cells in the
brain.
These proteins are thought to be a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and their formation may trigger other
changes that lead to the death of
brain cells.
«The
brain along with the reproductive system and every other
cell in your body is exquisitely sensitive to exceedingly small
changes in estrogen and other sex hormones, and the fact that the environment is full of chemicals that can activate estrogen receptors means this phenomenally sensitive system is being perturbed constantly by environmental factors.»
Even short - term blockages of this kind can lead to remarkable
changes in the auditory system, altering the behavior and structure of nerve
cells that relay information from the ear to the
brain, according to a new University at Buffalo study.
Seven patients went on to require neurosurgery, which allowed the scientists to investigate in detail
changes in the
brain brought on by CAR T
cell treatment.
The findings, published Sept. 20 in the Journal of Virology published by the American Society for Microbiology, were publicly revealed almost simultaneously with those from China - based scientists who found a
change of a single amino acid made the virus more dangerous to developing
brain cells.
Certain
changes in synapses — the junctions between nerve
cells in the
brain — have been linked with
brain disorders.
To do this without a
brain or nervous system, says Ken Showalter, a chemist at West Virginia University, the organism relies on proteins and nutrients that «swish back and forth» through the
cell to communicate the location of the food and allow the organism to
change shape.
When the scientists recently gave mice a single dose of cocaine and looked for signs of autophagy in their
brain cells, they detected autophagy - associated proteins and
changes in vacuoles in adults and in mouse pups whose mothers had received cocaine while pregnant.
In new research, published in an article in The Journal of Neuroscience, Burger and Oline — along with Dr. Go Ashida of the University of Oldenburg in Germany — have investigated auditory
brain cell membrane selectivity and observed that the neurons «tuned» to receive high - frequency sound preferentially select faster input than their low - frequency - processing counterparts — and that this preference is tolerant of
changes to the inputs being received.
As microglia are very long - lived, the scientists were keen to find out whether environmental factors
change these immune
cells over time and what effect this can have on
brain health.
Prior research with cultured tissue had shown that a mix of chemicals could
change bone marrow stem
cells from mice to those resembling
brain cells, but when a team led by neurologist Lorraine Iacovitti of Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia tried the same brew on human
cells, the number altered was modest.
It has long been known that the neural stem
cells change as the human
brain develops and ages.
New research led by UC San Francisco scientists has revealed that mutations in a gene linked with
brain development may dispose people to multiple forms of psychiatric disease by
changing the way
brain cells communicate.
The researchers traced these
changes to a decrease in
brain cells that release the hormone oxytocin in the hypothalamus, an area of the
brain associated with food intake.
«By combining in vivo multiphoton microscopy and in vivo electrophysiology, our lab is better able to visualize how
cells move and
change over time in the living
brain and explain how
changes in these glial
cells alter the visually evoked neural network activity,» says Kozai.
The team used this
change in the variability of the song to look at how the activity of single
cells in different parts of the
brain altered their activity depending on the social environment.
She hopes to pinpoint which genes are expressed in each
cell type when
brain cells make long distance connections, and to make similar maps in other primates to chart what
changed as
brains rewired over the course of evolution.
Fifty - three of the
brain cells showed significant
changes in activity as the coils rotated, reacting to field strength and polarity.
Detlev Arendt and Joachim Wittbrodt, developmental biologists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, jumped into the fray after Arendt noticed some vertebrate - like photoreceptor
cells in the
brains of ragworms, a marine species that hasn't
changed much for 500 million years.
The work, which appears in the journal
Cell, focuses on the regulation of «neuronal plasticity» —
changes in neuronal structure — and its function in the
brain.
Changing the concentration also alters slightly which nerve
cells fire a signal to the
brain.
The size of the
brain's ventricles — cerebrospinal fluid - filled spaces deep within the
brain — became progressively larger during the course of treatment, and
changes were also seen within the subventricular zone, one of two structures in which new
brain cells are generated in adults.
The team found significant
changes in gene expression after light exposure in all
cell types in the visual cortex — both neurons and, unexpectedly, nonneuronal
cells such as astrocytes, macrophages and muscle
cells that line blood vessels in the
brain.
LAST FRONTIER Harvard graduate and medical student Benyam Kinde, 27, studies how genetic
changes affect
brain cells» activity.
A new in vitro model Scientists developed a new research tool for this study that enabled them to monitor the spread of Tau aggregates whilst
changing the synaptic connections between
brain cells.
«Nature, meet nurture: Single -
cell analysis reveals diverse landscape of genetic
changes in the
brain after a sensory experience.»
Looking for immune abnormalities throughout the lifespan of the mice, the group found that most immune system components stayed the same in number, but a type of
brain - resident immune
cells called microglia that are known first responders to infection begin to divide and
change early in the disease.
The major advancement with the new study is that it demonstrates for the first time that self - repair in the adult
brain involves astrocytes entering a process by which they
change their identity to nerve
cells.
To investigate just how this
change affects an animal's sense of novelty, Burwell and her colleagues infected
brain cells in rats» perirhinal cortex with a virus containing a light - activated channel.
Whereas place
cells in a rat
brain may
change their firing rates if their environment is altered even a little — for example by
changing the colour of the walls — those of grid
cells remain robustly unchanged.
Admittedly, crayfish aren't known for their grey matter, but that might be about to
change: they can grow new
brain cells from blood.
As with many other epileptic syndromes, LKS children often resume normal
brain activity around age 15, when the
brain cells are reaching toward maturation, perhaps spurred by hormonal
change.
The faulty gene leads to
cell death in neurons in the
brain resulting in gradual physical, mental and emotional
changes, and ultimately death.