Sentences with phrase «brain circuit function»

Thus, this study found that women who have recovered from anorexia nervosa show two related patterns of changes in brain circuit function that may contribute to their capacity to sustain their avoidance of food.

There are therefore two categories of subjects whose brain circuits function very differently.

Not exact matches

When the physiologist who thinks that his science cuts off all hope of immortality pronounces the phrase, «Thought is a function of the brain,» he thinks of the matter just as he thinks when he says, «Steam is a function of the tea - kettle,» «Light is a function of the electric circuit,» «Power is a function of the moving waterfall.»

It is common for people with epilepsy to have memory problems because the brain circuits that underlie memory function often are affected by epilepsy.

Dr. Saper's research has explored circuitry of the brain that controls basic functions such as wake - sleep cycles, feeding, and immune response, and how these circuits are disrupted in neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, in sleep disorders such as narcolepsy and sleep apnea, and during aging.

«We know the endogenous cannabinoid system's primary function is to try to preserve homeostasis within a given brain circuit.

We're funding researchers to investigate how drugs alter what genes are activated such that they modify the function of the cells, and how this, in turn, modifies the functions of brain circuits, and how that modifies behavior.

Gait disturbance in individuals with spinal cord injury is attributed to the interruption of neural pathways from brain to the spinal locomotor center, whereas neural circuits locate below and above the lesion maintain most of their functions.

The potential for mind - boosting drugs and technologies has increased stunningly over the past decade as neuroscientists have unlocked the secrets of neuronal circuits, neurotransmitters, and specific molecular events triggering brain functions in three interconnected cognitive domains — attention, memory, and creativity.

This implies that different cortical areas, for instance those involving cognition vs. those involving perception of sensory stimuli, have evolved to tailor their local circuits to specific brain functions.

These findings could be a step in grasping how the brain circuit is shaped during this early stage development and how these neuronal circuits contribute to higher cognitive function in adulthood.

Astrocytes are star - shaped cells in our brain that surround brain neurons, and neural circuits, protecting them from injury and enabling them to function properly — in essence, one of their main roles is to «baby - sit» neurons.

Previous research has linked social function to the prefrontal region of the brain, but circuits that affect prefrontal control of social behavior were unknown.

By reversibly deactivating the new nerve fibers that grow, the neurobiologists were ultimately able to demonstrate for the first time that a group of these fibers is essential for the recovery of the motor function observed: Nerve fibers that grew into the spinal cord from the intact front half of the brain — changing sides — can reconnect the spinal cord circuits of the rats» paralyzed limbs to the brain, enabling the animals to grip again.

If gonadal hormones alone control sex - specific brain function, the two halves of the bird's brain that controls song (known as the song circuit) would be uniformly masculine or feminine.

When adults learn hierarchical rules, Frank and Collins have combined experimental data with computer models of brain function to suggest, that the key circuit involved is a connection between the PFC and another region called the striatum.

Pass it on: Depressed patients may have problems with the function of a brain circuit thought to be involved in feelings of hate.

Similarly, using light to stimulate atrophied neurons that may be associated with schizophrenia could someday allow clinicians to repair cognitive function, Boyden said, and enhance the flow of information through disordered brain circuits that otherwise may be giving rise to delusions and paranoia.

Brain imaging studies have shown that stimulation over this region modulates the functioning of fronto - striatal circuits, leading to the release of dopamine, a key neurotransmitter in reward processing.

In order to modulate the functioning of fronto - striatal circuits, the researchers from the lab of Robert Zatorre used a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which uses magnetic pulses to either stimulate or inhibit selected parts of the brain.

«Absence of serotonin alters development, function of brain circuits: Researchers create first complete model of serotonin's role.»

Our method is a first step toward developing a new mathematical toolkit to uncover the structure of neural circuits with unknown function in the brain.»

«We hope this atlas will be a roadmap for the field to explore the relationship between specific cell types, signaling pathways, receptors, and the physiological function of brain circuits,» Kriegstein added.

Understanding the dynamic mechanisms that lead to the emergence of brain functions through the development and continuous remodelling of neural circuits, and the constraints that disease and aging impose to this multi-modal plasticity has important implications that go beyond fundamental neuroscience, from education policies to brain repair.

The gene - by - hormone interaction's effect on circuit function was found only with one of two versions of the gene that codes for BDNF (brain - derived neurotrophic factor), a chemical messenger operating in the circuit.

Jon Storm - Mathisen, Professor of Anatomy at the University of Oslo, and chairman of the Kavli Neuroscience Prize Committee, said: «Major questions in modern brain science are how the complex neuronal circuits of the brain and spinal cord are assembled during development and how they function in the adult.

We aim to identify molecular, circuit, and network mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction and to develop novel therapeutic approaches to restore brain functions in AD and related disorders.

Unravelling the unique contribution of these specific neuronal populations to the function of neural circuits will advance our understanding of how the brain processes abstract cognitive functions.

At Weizmann, Dr. Spiegel will be establishing his own independent research group which will attempt to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which experience alters the structure and function of neural circuits in the brain in behaviorally relevant ways and to understand how these processes, when they go awry, might give rise to psychiatric disorders.

This type of targeted dosing could make it possible to treat diseases that affect very specific brain circuits, without interfering with the normal function of the rest of the brain, the researchers say.

Synapses are essential points of information transfer within neuronal circuits, and the correct formation and maturation of synapses is necessary for the brain to function throughout life.

On the other side of it, understanding how the brain functions as a computing device will help inform our engineering of computers that are inspired by the biology of brain - circuit architecture.

With this tool, neuroscientists can use light to trigger or suppress neuronal firing and precisely manipulate animal behavior, allowing them to map circuits underlying normal brain functions and study their dysfunction in mood and movement disorders.

In the brains of humans and non-human primates, over 100 billion nerve cells build up complicated neural circuits and produce higher brain functions.

These efforts also address neural function and memory, such as mechanisms employed by the brain to balance excitatory and inhibitory activity in neural circuits.

We believe that the time is right to focus inquiry on the «middle scale» of brain function where interesting features such as cognition or complex behavior emerge from the interactions that occur in large circuits of neurons.

In recent decades a rapid expansion in knowledge has occurred about the brain circuits that process and regulate emotional behavior, and in which abnormalities of neural function and structure associate with mood disorders.

By inserting these proteins into the living brain, we can study and perturb different elements of neural circuits, giving us a picture of how individual components function within the complex network.

Here's a tantalizing prospect, hinted at by a long - running thread of brain research: compounds that boost the function of certain acetylcholine circuits in the brain might also modify production of toxic beta - amyloid protein.

He hopes it will also inspire neuroscientists to pursue other kinds of robotic automation — such as in optogenetics, the use of light to perturb targeted neural circuits and determine the causal role that neurons play in brain functions.

Anthony DeCostanzo is a Research Scientist at RIKEN in the Laboratory for Neural Circuit Theory where he is modeling brain function.

I study the gonadal steroid regulation of neural circuits that control reproductive behavior, and the physiology and function of steroids made in the brain (neurosteroids).

Over hundreds of years, scientists have learned much about the brain, including the countless methods through which information is transferred from neuron to neuron at a junction called a synapse, and how hundreds — even thousands — of neurons can function together to form a larger circuit responsible for any given activity.

They «connect with each other, forming circuits, and once they're connected, they can synchronize their activity,» Arlotta said, potentially mimicking «higher - order functions of the human brain.»

Long - term use also causes changes in other brain chemical systems and circuits as well, affecting functions that include:

The investigators hypothesize that individual differences in the function of key brain circuits underlie the observed variability in clinical responses to both placebo and antidepressant medication.

If we can see all the neurons that are electrically active in a circuit at one time, we can get a better idea of how our brains are organized, how the neurons are communicating with each other, and how these circuits give rise to different brain functions.

Those identified already have been implicated in a variety of functions, including development of the brain's language circuits, neuronal development, signaling, wiring, and synaptic plasticity.

To reign in your sweet tooth, Chaudhary recommends the herbs ashwagandha as well as brahmi, a popular herb in India that is sold in capsule form in the U.S. Chaudhary refers to brahmi as a «brain tonic» because of its beneficial effects on cognitive function and specifically how it regulates overloaded and exhausted pleasure circuits.

However, when the threat is persistent and the stress response system does not return to its resting state, continuous elevations of the stress hormone cortisol actually disrupt the formation of new brain circuits and suppress immune function.