In a recent review article in Nature, Dr. Pasca unpacked the current state of
brain organoid research — addressing how they are used, their benefits, and their challenges.
Due to the competition and even secrecy surrounding
brain organoid research, several leaders in the field did not know what others had accomplished until STAT described it.
Not exact matches
Brazilian researchers from the D'Or Institute for
Research and Education (IDOR) and Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) have demonstrated the harmful effects of ZIKA virus (ZIKV) in human neural stem cells, neurospheres and
brain organoids.
The paper, by P.P. Garcez at D'Or Institute for
Research and Education (IDOR) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and colleagues was titled, «Zika virus impairs growth in human neurospheres and
brain organoids.»
These micro quasi-brains are revolutionizing
research on human
brain development and diseases from Alzheimer's to Zika, but the headlong rush to grow the most realistic, most highly - developed
brain organoids has thrown researchers into uncharted ethical waters.
In the years since the 2013 debut of human
brain organoids,
research groups have worked to grow bigger
brain tissue clumps and more uniform structures.
«
Organoids offer an unprecedented level of access into the inner workings of the human
brain,» Novitch says, noting that our
brains are largely off - limits to poking and cutting into for
research.
But the near - term goal is to subject these living mini
brains, dubbed «
organoids» by scientists, to medical
research that is otherwise impossible or unethical.
Scientists at the Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology at the University of Bonn applied a recent development in stem cell
research to tackle this limitation: they grew three - dimensional
organoids in the cell culture dish, the structure of which is incredibly similar to that of the human
brain.
Further
research showed that too many neural progenitors in these
organoids had become neurons early on, leaving the developing
brain without the resources it would have used to enlarge the forebrain.
«We kept them healthy, and without giving them many instructions on what kind of cells they should become they produced many of the cells present in the human
brain and achieved the formation of complex tissue,» says Arlotta, describing the
brain organoids she used in
research published in Nature in May 2017.