That would be getting close to the number of cells in a mouse brain,» raising the distant prospect of a human
brain organoid with cognitive and even emotional capacities, all while sitting in a lab dish.
Images show 4 - week - old
brain organoids with no infection (left) and with Zika infection (middle, virus is green, dead stem cells are pink).
After a month, Waldau coated
the brain organoids with a gel containing blood vessel cells.
Not exact matches
On the first day of testing, the mice
with human
brain organoids made fewer mistakes, finding the right hole more often, but this edge vanished by the second day.
These
brain organoids may help explain why people
with lissencephaly — a rare
brain malformation in which the ridges and folds are missing — have smooth
brains.
Cells inside the
brains contract, while cells on the outside grow and push outward, researchers at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, discovered from working
with the lab - grown
brains, or
organoids.
Chen agrees: He said his experiment «carries much less risk of creating animals
with greater «
brain power» than normal» because the human
organoid goes into «a specific region of already developed
brain.»
So the group grew new
organoids, this time bearing the same mutations carried by babies
with smooth
brain syndrome.
Researchers might generate personalized
brain organoids from the reprogrammed skin cells of individuals
with, say, schizophrenia and test which medications work best for patients
with particular genetic profiles of the illness.
According to his unpublished findings, when he puts glioblastoma cells from patients into lab dishes
with brain organoids, the cells attach to the surface of the
organoids, burrow into them, and within 24 to 48 hours grow into a mass that eventually «looks exactly like what happened in the patient's own
brain,» Fine said.
A
brain organoid infected by Zika virus at 28 days old is severely stunted two weeks later (right) compared
with a healthy
organoid of the same age (left).
After infecting these
organoids with the Zika virus, the researchers observed a collapse of cortexlike tissue that may partly explain the stunted
brain growth (SN: 4/2/16, p. 26).
Around the same time, Yoshiki Sasai of the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Kobe, Japan, cultured the first
brain organoids, starting not
with adult stem cells but
with embryonic stem cells.
Garcez and her colleagues at the Instituto D'Or in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil are starting experiments in which they will infect so - called cerebral
organoids — tiny models of the developing human
brain —
with Zika virus and see whether their development is affected.
For example, to understand why a fetal
brain sometimes doesn't reach full size, a condition called microcephaly, the researchers grew
organoids using iPS cells derived from a person
with the condition.
Not unsurprisingly given the fact that microcephaly has not been associated
with dengue, the neurospheres survived much better than when infected
with Zika and the
brain organoids showed no reduction in growth when compared to the controls.
The work takes a step toward using
brain organoids to study complexities of human
brain development and disease that can't be investigated
with current techniques.
A similarly disturbing thing happened
with the
brain organoids.
Calcium imaging also showed that the neurons in the
organoid were not firing sparsely,
with isolated activity, as in cultured
brain organoids, but in synchronized patterns, suggesting an active neuronal network was developing.
To determine whether the Zika virus caused this, a number of independent teams of researchers — including two in Brazil and one at the University of California, San Diego — created
brain organoids from healthy human cells and infected some of them
with the Zika virus.