In the previously unreported experiments implanting human
brain organoids into lab rodents, most of the transplants survived, in one case for at least two months, according to summaries of the two papers being presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Washington, D.C..
At a neuroscience meeting, two teams of researchers will report implanting human
brain organoids into the brains of lab rats and mice, raising the prospect that the organized, functional human tissue could develop further within a rodent.
Not exact matches
The Salk team therefore took human
brain organoids that had been growing in lab dishes for 31 to 50 days and implanted them
into mouse
brains (more than 200 so far) from which they had removed a tiny bit of tissue to make room.
The 2 - millimeter
organoids survived for at least two months, Chen said in an interview, and showed «extensive» growth of human axons
into the rat
brain.
Chen agrees: He said his experiment «carries much less risk of creating animals with greater «
brain power» than normal» because the human
organoid goes
into «a specific region of already developed
brain.»
The summary of his experiment that Gage sent to the neuroscience meeting did not specify the size of the human
brain organoids he and his colleagues implanted
into mice; he told STAT that he could not talk about the work because he had submitted it to a journal.
One concern raised by the human
brain organoid implants «is that functional integration [of the
organoids]
into the central nervous system of animals can in principle alter an animal's behavior or needs,» said bioethicist Jonathan Kimmelman of McGill University in Montreal.
Scientists headed by Dr. Stevens Rehen differentiated human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells
into neural stem cells and
into further complex tridimensional structures, known as neurospheres and
brain organoids.
These micro quasi-brains are revolutionizing research on human
brain development and diseases from Alzheimer's to Zika, but the headlong rush to grow the most realistic, most highly - developed
brain organoids has thrown researchers
into uncharted ethical waters.
In another study scheduled to be presented at the neuroscience meeting — 21
brain organoid papers are on tap — researchers led by Dr. Isaac Chen, a neurosurgeon at the University of Pennsylvania, implanted human cerebral
organoids into the
brains of 11 adult rats, specifically the secondary visual cortex.
According to his unpublished findings, when he puts glioblastoma cells from patients
into lab dishes with
brain organoids, the cells attach to the surface of the
organoids, burrow
into them, and within 24 to 48 hours grow
into a mass that eventually «looks exactly like what happened in the patient's own
brain,» Fine said.
Novitch's UCLA lab group has likewise used its
brain organoids to pinpoint additional receptors by which the virus may gain entry
into neural stem cells, and identified a few other drug leads for blocking infection.
«
Organoids offer an unprecedented level of access
into the inner workings of the human
brain,» Novitch says, noting that our
brains are largely off - limits to poking and cutting
into for research.
Now he and his team are putting cells from human
brain tumors
into the
organoids, which have reached the level of development and complexity of a 20 - week - old human fetus's, to see whether they reprise what happens in patients.
To grow larger
brains, the stem cells would also have to differentiate
into blood vessels to supply nutrients to the growing
organoid.
Additionally, optogenetics experiments showed that the
organoids» neurons were integrated
into synaptic circuits in the mice's
brains.
Rodent models can't capture the years long path of human
brain development, but 3D human
organoids now give researchers a window
into later stages of development of our burgeoning central nervous system.