Sentences with phrase «brain regions known»

This is further compounded by elevations in metabolic efficiency (whereby energy expenditure declines beyond that predicted from the change in metabolic mass) and appetite which accompany weight - loss, and may ultimately predispose to weight re - gain.82 Moreover, changes in neural activity within brain regions known to be involved in regulatory, emotional and cognitive control of food intake have also been observed following weight - loss.83

In a new study in Neuron, they used trans - Tango to illuminate connected neurons in fruit flies, revealing previously unmapped gustatory circuits that link the taste - sensing organs to brain regions known to govern feeding behavior and memory.

This is the first study, to our knowledge, demonstrating functional deficits in FraX subjects in brain regions known to have the highest FMR1 transcription.

The results show a relationship between the olfactory system and brain regions known to control metabolism.

This theoretical consistency is important, as it allows researchers to better focus future studies of brain connectivity in schizophrenia, by targeting the brain regions known to be affected.

The team found changes in the activity of nearly 40 genes in three brain regions known to be associated with depression and anxiety (Science Signaling, doi.org/b4rz).

The differences, as revealed by MRI scans, were striking: For example, brain regions known to be involved in control of emotions and impulsivity, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, were on average 8 % smaller in subjects with low levels of MAO - A.

A network of interacting brain regions known as the default mode network (DMN) was found to have stronger connections in adults and children with a high risk of depression compared to those with a low risk.

In contrast, when a person feels the attributes of something that piques their interest but doesn't take it all the way to connection, the brain region known as the putamen lights up.

A summary of their study of the brain region known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN, will be published online in the journal Current Biology on Dec. 22.

Dr. Min Zhuo and his team at the University of Toronto have found the biological basis for this link in the connections between neurons in a brain region known as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).

In a similar vein, linguistic psychologist Steven Pinker recently teamed up with neurosurgeons and neurologists at Harvard University and U.C. San Diego to investigate the language functions of a small brain region known as Broca's area.

A study of older adults at risk of late - onset Alzheimer's disease found that those who consumed more omega - 3 fatty acids did better than their peers on tests of cognitive flexibility — the ability to efficiently switch between tasks — and had a bigger anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region known to contribute to cognitive flexibility.

The brain regions they used to make those choices were also different: for individuals with anorexia nervosa, choices about what to eat were associated with activation in the dorsal striatum, a brain region known to be related to habitual control of actions.

They found high concentrations of both RNAs in a retinal layer containing neurons that connect to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a brain region known to be important in the circadian rhythm.

The study showed that the brain region known as the posterior cingulate — an area whose damage is often seen in those with Alzheimer's — plays a crucial role in creating permanent memories.

They assessed the long - term effects of chemotherapy on learning and memory, as well as the formation of new neurons in the hippocampus, a brain region known to contribute to those abilities.

They began their search in the brain region known as the SFO, which shows increased activity in dehydrated animals.

In patients with substance - use problems, we see low levels of dopamine and certain dopamine receptors in the striatum, a brain region known to influence reward - related behaviors.

These benefits are traced to a brain region known as the insula.

Not exact matches

The findings showed that there was a decrease of activity in the region of the brain known as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is typically associated with thought, deliberation and self - monitoring.

This idea fits what we know about localization of function in the brain — different mental functions involve different regions.6

How all this information is assimilated by the different regions of the brain is not known at present.

Stein pointed out that these neurons are in a region of the brain known to be particularly vulnerable to neurodegenerative conditions from Alzheimer's disease to stroke.

The changes in density probably mean that these brain regions are not functioning normally, but Mackey doesn't know why these regions in particular were affected.

However, little is known about how neurons in this brain region function as gatekeepers.

This contrasts with what researchers know about the effects of sleep deprivation in adults, where the effect is typically concentrated in the frontal regions of the brain.

According to the mri results, 38 minutes after Rennich entered the tube, an area of darkness — of no color at all — appeared on the image of his brain, indicating that the neurons in a small region of the cerebral cortex were no longer transmitting visual information.

This handful of brain cells is known as the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, or dmPFC, and it sits in a region integral for learning appropriate social behavior.

Brains of teenage girls exposed to high levels of family stress when they were toddlers showed reduced connections between the amygdala, which is also known for processing fear and emotions, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, an outer region responsible for emotional regulation.

The nerve cells involved in this integration process and control of hormonal signals reside in an area of the insect brain known as the mid-Ventral Ganglion (mVG), which in turn communicates with a region of the central brain that is akin to the mammalian hypothalamus.

By peering into the eyes of mice and tracking their ocular movements, researchers made an unexpected discovery: the visual cortex — a region of the brain known to process sensory information — plays a key role in promoting the plasticity of innate, spontaneous eye movements.

But one region consistently becomes quieter than average: a grape - size cluster of neurons almost dead center in the brain known as the thalamus.

«The effect of sleep deprivation on pain sensitivity in operated and intact rats was virtually eliminated by pharmacologically blocking the action of adenosine in a brain region in the anterior hypothalamus known to regulate sleep, which is connected to major pain - related areas,» Vanini says.

For instance, knowing if there is a simple increase or decrease in connectivity between brain regions compared to healthy individuals, or whether those with autism use entirely different brain regions to implement cognitive flexibility will enable researchers to better design interventions to improve cognitive flexibility skills.

To find out whether a region known to be bigger in males was altered by sex, Shinji Tsukahara and his colleagues at Saitama University near Tokyo, Japan, compared the brains of male rats who had never had sex before with their more experienced counterparts.

When the no - longer - naive subjects returned to the lab, their brain scans showed additional activity in regions associated with working memory and decision - making.

In my May 2006 column, I described how parts of the brain's cerebral cortex are specialized for particular sensory systems, such as vision, and how there are also overlapping regions between these parts, known as cross-modal areas.

For example, scientists have known for decades that the hippocampus, a structure in the middle of the brain, has the lead role in the formation and preservation of memories, and is one of the regions that shape a person's identity.

After controlling for factors known to influence brain volume and cognitive test scores, such as age and gender, the researchers found that a higher self - reported frequency of game playing was significantly associated with greater brain volume in several regions involved in Alzheimer's disease (such as the hippocampus) and with higher cognitive test scores on memory and executive function.

To demonstrate the chip's efficacy in modeling disease, the team doped different regions of the brain with the drug Phencyclidine hydrochloride — commonly known as PCP — which simulates schizophrenia.

Now that the location and identity of the wake - promoting neurons are precisely defined, the supramammillary region joins other parts of the brain known as being involved in keeping people awake, such as the nearby lateral hypothalamus, the upper brain stem and basal forebrain.

They used a somewhat bizarre technique in which two mice were sutured together in such as way that they shared a circulatory system (known as parabiosis), and found old mice joined to their youthful counterparts showed changes in gene activity in a brain region called the hippocampus as well as increased neural connections and enhanced «synaptic plasticity» — a mechanism believed to underlie learning and memory in which the strength of neural connections change in response to experience.

«One of the things we know about Alzheimer's disease is that this region of the brain is one of the very first to exhibit a key hallmark of the disease, deposition of neurofibrillary tangles.»

(The brain samples, obtained through the Banner Sun Health Research Institute, were taken from a region known to be vulnerable to the most devastating effects of Alzheimer's.)

Specifically, the researchers found that they had a thickening of the cortex in a part of the brain known as the temporal occipital region, which comprises a large network of structures involved in reading.

[We now know] which receptors, neurotransmitters, and brain regions are involved when we perceive our environment as meaningful and relevant.»

At the same time, the obese girls sipping milk shakes showed decreased activation in the striatum, a region near the center of the brain that is studded with dopamine receptors and known to respond to stimuli associated with rewards.

Animal studies show that a critical region of the brain, known as the amygdala, is intricately involved in fear responses, especially the amygdala on the right side of the brain.

Similar to how the two regions normally connect in the developing brain, the little pieces knew what to do.