Sentences with phrase «brain volume for»

The prominent British anatomist Sir Arthur Keith in 1948 gave 855 cc as the lowest known human brain volume (compared with 650 cc as the then highest known brain volume for a gorilla).

The volume of this separated portion amounted to 39 % of the original total brain volume for the mean San endocast.

Not exact matches

Volume XIV, Number 1 Sleeping on It: The Most Important Activity of a School Day — Arthur Auer Advantages and Disadvantages of Brain Research for Education — Christian Rittelmeyer What Makes Waldorf, Waldorf?

It looks like prenatal stress turns up the volume on your baby's HPA axis, programming the brain and hormone network that's responsible for managing stress.

In this slim volume, Tough pulls together decades of social science research on the impacts of poverty and trauma on kids» brains and behavior, and makes a cogent, convincing argument for why this research should lie at the center of any discussions about reform.

Recall that breastfed infants wake up much more frequently and at shorter intervals than do bottle fed infants since cows milk is designed for cow brain growth (much less volume compared with human brains) and body growth rates while breast milk has just the right composition which means fast burning sugars and much less protein and fat... for that ever - growing human infant brain which triples in size in the first year.

Resulting from the shrinking in the overall volume of brain cells, baby brain is an extremely common condition for pregnant women in their third trimester.

«By increasing the volume of blood in the cranial cavity, there's less room for the brain to move which reduces the overall slosh effect which we believe reduces mTBI.

Physical punishment is associated with a range of mental health problems in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, use of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.37

Human infants are born with a brain that is only a quarter of its adult volume (compared to 50 % for infant chimpanzees and gorillas) due to the constraints of a birth canal that has been modified to accommodate upright walking.

He is planning to conduct a prescribed exercise intervention in a population of healthy older adults with genetic and other risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and to measure the impact on hippocampal volume and brain function.

«We also found equivalent volumes of the hippocampus (a brain structure used for emotion and cognition) across ages.

Their results showed that AF was associated with smaller frontal lobe volumes, even after adjusting for age, gender, vascular risk factors and APOE4 (a gene independently linked to smaller brain volumes).

Regardless of gender, young adults who have greater aerobic fitness also have greater volume of their entorhinal cortex, an area of the brain responsible for memory.

Better aerobic fitness however does not appear to impact hippocampal volume, another area in the brain responsible for memory.

For instance, previous studies have shown that juggling and video games affect brain volume.

After controlling for factors known to influence brain volume and cognitive test scores, such as age and gender, the researchers found that a higher self - reported frequency of game playing was significantly associated with greater brain volume in several regions involved in Alzheimer's disease (such as the hippocampus) and with higher cognitive test scores on memory and executive function.

The results were the same when researchers adjusted for other factors that could affect brain volume, such as age, education and having diabetes or high blood pressure.

Among their goals for this system are: a higher density electrode array to allow for more precise targeting on neurons, new recording circuits that vastly increase the volume of data captured, and a new wireless power and telemetry technology that allows for real - time data transmission from the brain.

I already know, for instance, that patients with schizophrenia have distinctive aberrations in the right superior temporal gyrus and that those with attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder have smaller brain volumes in all regions.

For example, some twins who had undergone the operation and had apparently normal brains when screened using ultrasound showed differences in brain volume when screened using the more sensitive MRI technique.

«If you can expand a tissue by one - hundred-fold in volume, all other things being equal, you're getting 100 times the information,» said Boyden, who is also a member of MIT's Media Lab and McGovern Institute for Brain Research.

Coles told the meeting that magnetic resonance imaging showed that subjects taking alemtuzumab had also lost less brain volume than those taking Rebif, a proxy measure for overall tissue damage.

In the 8 participants for whom an adequate number of imaging studies were completed, whole brain volume — the overall amount of brain tissue — decreased significantly throughout the study period.

There are genes that determine whether the same life event causes an increase or decrease in the volume of the hippocampus, and which therefore defines whether the stress is good or bad for our brain.

The results showed that with testosterone treatment the volume of grey matter decreased in two specific regions of the brain, the Broca's and Wernicke's areas, which are mainly responsible for language processing.

Co-authors Fred Spoor of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and Lauren Gonzales of Duke University calculated its brain volume to be about 36 cubic centimeters, which is less than half the volume of monkeys of the same body size living today.

In support of that claim, one widely cited study found that the ratio of brain volume to body mass — commonly referred to as the encephalization quotient, or EQ — was the same for Cro - Magnons as it is for us.

Halloway's analysis found the association between participants» actual physical activity and gray matter volumes remained after further controlling for age, gender, education levels, body mass index and symptoms of depression, all of which are associated with lower levels of gray matter in the brain.

In an earlier study of the same 28 piglets used in the new analysis, the scientists found that those fed iron - deficient diets for the first four weeks of life had smaller overall brain volume than those fed an iron - sufficient diet.

Music is just a small part of Burdette's research activities — his most recently published study, for example, showed that brain volume could be an accurate predictor of success in weight - loss attempts by the elderly — but it has long been a big of part his life.

«No link found between subcortical brain volumes, genetic risk for schizophrenia: Proof - of - concept study provides roadmap for future research into possible associations between brain volume measures, known genetic risk factors.»

When the researchers looked at brain size, they found that for fighters who had increasing levels of tau over time, there was a 7 percent decline in the volume of their thalamus, which is located in the center of the brain and regulates sleep, consciousness, alertness, cognitive function and language while also sending sensory and movement signals to other portions of the brain.

One cranium has a huge brain volume of 1800 cubic centimeters — on the upper end for both Neandertals and moderns — plus a Neandertal - like hollow in a bone on the back of its skull.

Specifically, compared with controls, marijuana abusers had significantly attenuated behavioral («self - reports» for high, drug effects, anxiety, and restlessness), cardiovascular (pulse rate and diastolic blood pressure), and brain DA [reduced decreases in distribution volumes (DVs) of [11C] raclopride, although normal reductions in striatal nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND)-RSB- responses to MP.

The second analysis, published last week in Current Developments in Nutrition, corrected for volume differences to isolate differences in grey and white matter concentration in the piglets» brains.

(The same pattern of results was obtained when weighting each ROI equally, rather than in proportion to volume as described in Supplementary Note 3, or when neural response similarities were not normalized across subjects for each brain region prior to analysis, as described in Supplementary Note 2.)

To see if their therapy can minimize the loss of brain volume, they will scan and measure patients» brains for several months after the injury.

Borderline associations were observed for diastolic blood pressure (partial r = − 0.21, P = 0.054), and for initial brain volume (partial r = − 0.19, P = 0.092).

Lichtman says that mouse neocortex test study for nanoscale brain imaging looked at a mere three billionths or so of the brain's volume.

Erickson's more recent work looks at whether the hippocampus volume gained through exercise leads to improved memory, and what kinds and intensities of exercise are most beneficial for the brain.

Simply take a sample of the brain, count the number of neurons in that sample and then extrapolate that information to account for the remaining brain volume.

Three recent experimental studies focused on low consumption / exposure.949596 In one study, 29 smokers each consumed a single cigarette, immediately after which they had a significant decrease in blood vessel output power and significant increase in blood vessel ageing level and remaining blood volume 25 minutes later, as markers of atherosclerosis.94 In another study, human coronary artery endothelial cells were exposed to the smoke equivalent to one cigarette, which led to activation of oxidant stress sensing transcription factor NFR2 and up - regulation of cytochrome p450, considered to have a role in the development of heart disease.95 These effects were not seen when heart cells were exposed to the vapour from one e - cigarette.95 A study exposed adult mice to low intensity tobacco smoke (two cigarettes) for one to two months and found adverse histopathological effects on brain cells.96

The reconstruction of a non-human primate brain, with a volume 100 times larger than a mouse brain, is being considered for a later study.

This study backs up some of the evidence that better adherence to Mediterranean diet is good for brain health and preserves brain volume.

The same team of Harvard researchers also found that mindfulness meditation decreases brain cell volume in the amygdala, the part of our brain responsible for fear, anxiety and stress.

«Directional changes in the brain without local volume changes could be a novel biomarker for neurological disease,» co-author Jeongchul Kim, PhD, said in a press release.

Researchers used a new MRI technique to measure both volume and shape changes in specific areas of the brain, which are both important indicators for tracking the development of dementia.

The nutrient levels within the blood accounted for a lot of the variation in both brain volume as well as memory and thinking scores.

It's not yet known at what point in life exercise is most critical for brain volume, the authors say.