Sentences with phrase «brainstem nuclei»

The thing that people do not realize is when you alter the environment, it alters the response of all these brainstem nuclei.

Here, we use the term AAN because many brainstem nuclei that contribute to arousal are located outside of the pontine and midbrain reticular core (e.g., locus coeruleus, parabrachial complex, etc.), and because we believe that the word «network» appropriately connotes the physiological mechanisms by which multiple modular circuits interrelate to enable the emergent property of arousal, and hence consciousness.

The atlas was generated using several sources of data: 1) histologic data from a dissected ex vivo human brainstem / diencephalon specimen; 2) correlative diffusion data from the same specimen (scanned prior to serial sectioning and staining); and 3) cross-reference to the Paxinos human brainstem atlas (Paxinos G, Xu - Feng H, Sengul G, Watson C. Organization of Brainstem Nuclei, in The Human Nervous System, 3rd ed.

Among Dr. Grinberg's contributions to the dementia field are the identification of brainstem nuclei as the earliest structures affected in AD and the translation of these findings to diagnosis and treatment development; use of high - resolution histology and sophisticated computing tools for validating multimodal neuroimaging findings; and participation in several international neuropathological consortia for establishing neuropathological criteria for neurodegenerative diseases and vascular dementia.

The medial septal area projects to a large number of brain regions that show theta modulation, including all parts of the hippocampus as well as the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, medial mamillary and supramamillary nuclei of the hypothalamus, anterior nuclei of the thalamus, amygdala, inferior colliculus, and several brainstem nuclei (Buzsáki, 2002).

We found that a tiny brainstem nucleus, the locus ceruleus (LC), is especially vulnerable and earliest - damaged in AD.

Not exact matches

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

Research shows that in Parkinson's disease a brainstem region called the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) develops changes in DNA found in mitochondria — the batteries of the cell — as they produce and store energy that cells can use.

His team found that exposing mice to the bacteria, and hence activating their immune system, activated clusters of neurons in their brainstem called the dorsal Raphe nuclei.

Astrocyte - secreted factors modulate the developmental distribution of inhibitory synapses in nucleus laminaris of the avian auditory brainstem.

Astrocyte - Secreted Factors Modulate a Gradient of Primary Dendritic Arbors in Nucleus Laminaris of the Avian Auditory Brainstem.

Tonotopic organization of the superior olivary nucleus in the chicken auditory brainstem.

From each brainstem, 2 blocks of medullary tissue (3 mm) were collected: 1 from the mid-medulla, at the level of the nucleus of Roller (corresponding to Plate X in the atlas of Olszewski and Baxter18) and 1 from the rostral medulla, at the level of the nucleus praepositus (corresponding to Plate XII in that atlas)(Figure 1).

The striatum is a major input station of the basal ganglia system — the group of nuclei in the brain that are connected to the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem.

These nuclei were manually traced on an ultra-high resolution MRI of a human brainstem.

The locations and borders of the nuclei on the MRI dataset were correlated with microscopic analysis of the same human brainstem after it was scanned.

Dr. Jack Kruse: Because functionally, it's uh — it's a problem with brainstem and specifically the periventricular nucleus.

Dr. Jack Kruse: And that's six different nuclei in the brainstem and basically that system runs the parasympathetic system and the periventricular nucleus runs the sympathetic system.

The vestibular nuclei send fibers forward in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) which coordinates ocular movements, projects fibers to the spinal cord as the vestibulospinal tract and descending MLF, projects fibers to the cerebellum, and sends fibers to various structures in the brainstem including the emetic center.