Sentences with phrase «brainstem region»

Studies demonstrate that when gratitude is practiced, the brainstem region that produces dopamine is activated and our brains are flooded with the neurotransmitter dopamine, resulting in elevated serotonin levels.

Research shows that in Parkinson's disease a brainstem region called the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) develops changes in DNA found in mitochondria — the batteries of the cell — as they produce and store energy that cells can use.

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

Not exact matches

Within older adults who scored below the normal benchmark on a dementia screening test, but have no noticeable communication problems, scientists have discovered a new potential predictor of early dementia through abnormal functionality in regions of the brain that process speech (the brainstem and auditory cortex).

When a spinal cord injury takes place, extensions of nerve cells from the brainstem — the region of the brain where the command and coordination for urination takes place — become disconnected from cells in the spinal cord that control the muscles that squeeze or relax the bladder and open and close the urethra.

The GABAergic neurons project from the ventral part of the medulla, which sits at the top of the spinal cord, into many regions of the brainstem and hypothalamus, and thus are able to affect many bodily functions.

Command neurons are produced in this region of the brain and transferred directly to the brainstem.

The researchers found that when injected into a specific part of the brain (the brain stem) serotonin shortens apnoeic events by interacting with a specific serotonin receptor, the 5 - HT3 receptor, which, in healthy babies, is highly expressed in a region of the brainstem associated with the control of apneas and regular breathing.

In trance, brain networks displayed notable reconfigurations, including increased connectivity in regions associated with internal thought (the default mode's posterior cingulate cortex) and cognitive control (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and insula), as well as decreased connectivity within the brainstem and auditory pathway.

Characterization of GABAergic neurons in rapid - eye - movement sleep controlling regions of the brainstem reticular formation in GAD67 — green fluorescent protein knock - in mice.

The medial septal area projects to a large number of brain regions that show theta modulation, including all parts of the hippocampus as well as the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, medial mamillary and supramamillary nuclei of the hypothalamus, anterior nuclei of the thalamus, amygdala, inferior colliculus, and several brainstem nuclei (Buzsáki, 2002).

White matter loss was concentrated in the brainstem, internal capsule, temporal and frontal regions and the major fasciculi.

These are all symptoms characteristically suggestive of low brain disorganization (brainstem and diencephalon regions) and all common autonomic symptoms of severe trauma exposure,» - Dr. Bessel van der Kolk, author of Psychological Trauma.