Not exact matches
The
mean number of months of exclusive
breastfeeding was equal to 4.1, with important regional
differences: the highest value was 5 months in the province of Trento and the lowest was 3.5 in Sicilia.
While many more people now have better access to drinking water, sanitation and health care, the world is still an unequal place: 2.5 billion — more than one third of the world's population — still have totally inadequate sanitation.16 Artificial feeding of an infant instead of
breastfeeding in such settings can literally
mean the
difference between life and death.
We also estimated relative indices of inequality (RII) and slope indices of inequality (SII) as summary measures of relative and absolute inequalities of
breastfeeding outcomes, respectively, across the entire distribution of maternal education.24 For child IQ, linear regression analyses using GEEs were performed to estimate
mean IQ
differences in lower maternal education from the reference category in each intervention group and compared between the groups.
There were no
differences between groups for fetal loss equal to / after 24 weeks and neonatal death, induction of labour, antenatal hospitalisation, antepartum haemorrhage, augmentation / artificial oxytocin during labour, opiate analgesia, perineal laceration requiring suturing, postpartum haemorrhage,
breastfeeding initiation, low birthweight infant, five - minute Apgar score less than or equal to seven, neonatal convulsions, admission of infant to special care or neonatal intensive care unit (s) or in
mean length of neonatal hospital stay (days).
Controlled trials of exclusive versus mixed
breastfeeding for four to six months, developing countries Infant outcomes Growth Weight gain was not significantly different between infants assigned to continued exclusive
breastfeeding to six months versus those assigned to mixed
breastfeeding from four to six months, with a
mean difference (MD) in weight gain from four to six months of 20.78 g / mo (95 % confidence interval (CI)-LSB--21.99 to 63.54], p = 0.34; 2 trials / 265 infants) and from six to 12 months of -2.62 g / mo (95 % CI -LSB--25.85 to 20.62], p = 0.83; 2 trials / 233 infants).
Emma do you think, I
mean, I've read where like Scandinavian countries where extended
breastfeeding and
breastfeeding in public is just the norm, that they..., that they must have a different perspective on the breast then because our breasts list taboo in their cultures and is this why we have such a significant
difference compared to countries who are more comfortable
breastfeeding in public and extended
breastfeeding?
Estimated cognitive test
mean score
differences according to
breastfeeding status at age 6 months are given in Table 5.
and she is super sarcastic, like me («cept I'm not
mean, I don't think,) has a new baby, like me, and is
breastfeeding, like me, so it's pretty fun to watch even though we do have some major
differences as well.
Articles were included if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) having been
breastfed in infancy was compared with bottle (artificial) feeding, 2) systolic or diastolic blood pressure had been measured as an outcome, and 3) an estimate of the
mean difference in blood pressure between breast - and bottle - fed groups could be extracted from the article.
The authors conducted a systematic review of published studies from which estimates of a
mean difference (standard error) in blood pressure between
breastfed and bottle - fed subjects could be derived.
In a random - effects model, the pooled
mean diastolic blood pressure was lower among
breastfed infants (
difference: — 0.5 mmHg, 95 percent CI: — 0.9, — 0.04; p = 0.03).
In total, we were able to extract
mean differences in total cholesterol between those
breastfed and formula - fed from all 17 eligible studies (representing 17 498 subjects); of these
differences, 13 were based on the response of individual authors (11 703 subjects), whereas 4 were obtained from the published literature (Figure 1 and Table 1 for both).
The pooled
mean difference was similar in the 8 studies that measured blood glucose within the first 4 wk of life (7 after exclusive
breastfeeding) and in 4 studies conducted in infancy that measured blood glucose 3 mo to 1 y after birth (a group likely to have been weaned).
Duration of
breastfeeding was longer for intervention mothers than comparison mothers (
mean difference 7.9 weeks; 95 % CI 2.9 to 12.9).