Not exact matches
Breed - Related Health Concerns Bloat; hip dysplasia; elbow dysplasia; progressive retinal atrophy (eye disorder that
leads to blindness); persistent pupillary membranes (failure
of PPMs to disappear at birth which causes eye problems); ectropion (outward protrusion
of the eyelid); vaginal hyperplasia (swollen vagina that may protrude from the vulva in intact
females); heart disease
Human nature, and perhaps the fact that the preponderance
of people involved in dog
breeding are
female, has probably
lead to the reduced size, larger eyes and shorter, blockier muzzles seen in several
breeds today that did not exhibit these features a few decades past.
There are many reasons why spaying / altering is desirable - accidental pregnancy in an unspayed
female may
lead to unwanted mixed
breed pups and the endangering
of the mother's health; the prevention
of such
female diseases as pyometra (abscess
of the uterus and breast cancer; and the improvement in manageability
of unruly males who do not respond to training.