Remarkably, these supernovae were spotted as close as 600 light years from
the bright nuclear regions of these galaxies — despite being at least 150 million light years from the Earth.
Such a shortfall is particularly prominent in luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), which have high star formation (and thus CCSN) rates and host
bright and crowded
nuclear regions, where large extinctions and reduced search detection efficiency likely lead to a significant fraction of CCSNe remaining undiscovered.