Not exact matches
At the same time, the El Niño event
brought warmer sea -
surface temperatures, which have been shown to correlate with outbreaks of mosquito - transmitted diseases.
The El Nino weather pattern is a
warming of ocean
surface temperatures in the eastern and central Pacific and usually
brings hot, dry, and often drought conditions to Australia.
The penguins once numbered around 2,000 individuals, but in the early 1980s a strong El Niño — a time when sea
surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific are unusually
warm —
brought their numbers down to less than 500 birds.
Even during the region's
warmest months, sea
surface temperatures can range from 80 down to below 70 degrees, and winter may
bring chilly waters in the mid 60s, and occasionally as low as 58 degrees.
Before allowing the
temperature to respond, we can consider the forcing at the tropopause (TRPP) and at TOA, both reductions in net upward fluxes (though at TOA, the net upward LW flux is simply the OLR); my point is that even without direct solar heating above the tropopause, the forcing at TOA can be less than the forcing at TRPP (as explained in detail for CO2 in my 348, but in general, it is possible to
bring the net upward flux at TRPP toward zero but even with saturation at TOA, the nonzero skin
temperature requires some nonzero net upward flux to remain — now it just depends on what the net fluxes were before we made the changes, and whether the proportionality of forcings at TRPP and TOA is similar if the effect has not approached saturation at TRPP); the forcing at TRPP is the forcing on the
surface + troposphere, which they must
warm up to balance, while the forcing difference between TOA and TRPP is the forcing on the stratosphere; if the forcing at TRPP is larger than at TOA, the stratosphere must cool, reducing outward fluxes from the stratosphere by the same total amount as the difference in forcings between TRPP and TOA.
Hurricanes stirr up the sea (mixing or Ekman pumping), and if there is a thin
warm surface layer, colder water underneath will be
brought up, and hence give rise to lower
surface temperatures (SST).
These record
temperatures have been assisted by a very strong El Niño event, which
brought warm water to the ocean
surface, temporarily
warming global
surface temperatures.
Global
surface temperatures in the last few years have received a bump in recent years because of a large El Niñ0 event, which
brought warm water up from the depths of the Pacific ocean and released the energy into the atmosphere.
When the system is subjected to a steady heat input from below (the solar
warming of the
surface) then convection ensures that the
temperature gradient will be
brought down until convective stability is restored.
The rush to identify El Niño, characterized by the periodic
warming of
surface water
temperatures off the northwestern coast of South America, as California's savior was based in part on the belief that a strong El Niño would
bring as much rain as it did in the winters of 1997 - 1998 and 1982 - 1983.
Last year was the hottest since records began and with an El Nino now under way the
warm surface waters of the Pacific are releasing heat into the atmosphere with the result 2015 is likely to break last year's record and the global average
surface temperature could jump by as much as 0.1 degree this year alone
bring global
surface temperatures increases to 1 degrees or half way to the UN global limit.
But more importantly, according to Peter, scientists now have the tools to test global circulation models and monitor worldwide changes in sea
surface temperatures and circulation
brought about by global
warming.
Reduced equatorial cloud cover during La Nina (due to the cooler sea
surface temperature), combined with the strong upwelling (Ekman suction) in the eastern equatorial Pacific, does indeed lead to greater
warming of the ocean - because it's
bringing cool subsurface water to the
surface, where it can be heated by the sun.
I can think of at least two cases: 1) radiation fog is caused by the
surface radiating away energy and cooling enough to
bring the
temperature of air lying above it down to the dew point or below; 2) advection fog is caused by
warmer (moist) air passing over a cooler
surface.
Lets say the
warmer surface was in thermodynamic equilibrium with its surroundings if then a colder object is
brought near and it has a lower
temperature than the surroundings then the colder object will increase the heat loss from the
warmer object.