A phenomenon known as «upwelling» off the coast of Washington state and Oregon also
brings deep ocean water — which already is more acidic — to the surface, where it's saturated with even more carbon dioxide.
Not exact matches
The fog is a gift of the Pacific
Ocean's California Current where winds create upwellings that
bring cold,
deep, nutrient - rich
waters to the surface.
Washington, which produces farmed oysters, clams and mussels, is particularly vulnerable to acidification, for two reasons: seasonal, wind - driven upwelling events
bring low - pH
waters from the
deep ocean towards the shore, and land - based nutrient runoff from farming fuels algal growth, which also lowers pH.
«The weaker overturning circulation
brings less naturally CO2 - rich
deep waters to the surface, which limits how much of that gas in the
deep ocean escapes to the atmosphere.
«Where mid-depth
waters from the
deep ocean intrude onto the continental shelf and spread towards the coast, they
bring heat that causes the glaciers to break up and melt.
With the removal of the warm surface
waters, an upwelling current is created in the east Pacific
Ocean,
bringing cold
water up from
deeper levels.
The
oceans are great at absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air, but when their
deep waters are
brought to the surface, the
oceans themselves can be a source of this prevalent greenhouse gas.
Overlaying social factors, levels of agricultural runoff, local pollution and upwelling, a natural
ocean process that
brings more corrosive
deep ocean water to the surface, helps tease out regional differences in vulnerability.
I have to raise an objection to the phrase «the only region of the world that has defied global warming» — that might be neglecting a certain area in the Pacific where England 2014 has identified a very obvious point where the «Pacific conveyor» was
bringing in the last decade up a lot of cold
water from the
deep ocean and has possibly played a major role in the specific trends for that period.
Marine biological activity then transfers a bit more C to the
deep ocean than cold, upwelling
waters bring back up, such that the net sink to the
deep ocean is about 1.6 GtC / yr, and much slower permanent removal in sediments.
The warmer the
ocean becomes, the less
water rises from
deeper down, meaning fewer resources will be
brought to the surface
water where phytoplankton live.
upwelling wind blows, moves
water away, causes new
water to rise up to replace it
brings up tiny
ocean organisms, minerals, and other nutrients from the
deeper layers of the
water.
brings up tiny
ocean organisms, minerals, and other nutrients from the
deeper layers of the
water.
The «strong trade winds,» says study co-author Gerald Meehl of the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research, «are
bringing cooler
water to the surface in the equatorial Pacific and mixing more heat into the
deeper ocean.»
Presently, more acidic
waters brought up from the
deeper ocean to the surface by wind and currents off the Northwest coast of the United States are having this effect on oysters grown in aquaculture.
Remember that part of the
ocean circulations
brings up
deep cooler
water to the surface and this rate varies which is why the surface temperature varies.
In Washington and Oregon, oysters farms are in coastal Pacific
waters where upwelling currents are
bringing up cold,
deep water with higher amounts of CO2 and a more acidic pH. Watch and listen to two oyster farmers from Taylor Shellfish Farms in Washington state talk how about
ocean acidification is impacting their young oysters.
On the other side, the oceanographer Wallace Broecker [Broecker, 1997] has argued that the present warm climate in Europe depends on a circulation of
ocean water, with the Gulf Stream flowing north on the surface and
bringing warmth to Europe, and with a counter-current of cold
water flowing south in the
deep ocean.