Unexpectedly, this more detailed approach suggests changes in Antarctic coastal winds due to climate change and their impact on coastal currents could be even more important on melting of the ice shelves than
the broader warming of the ocean.
Not exact matches
Habib explains that it would have been able to cross
broad stretches
of ocean by taking advantage
of thermals (rising columns
of air created over
warmer - than - normal patches
of ocean) to gain altitude, then gliding until it reached the next thermal.
Their study demonstrates that since 1982,
broad stretches
of these
ocean basins have
warmed and become significantly more hospitable to these algae and that new «blooms»
of these algae have become common in these same regions.
Blue
ocean and
broad white sand beaches, lots
of sunshine and
warm temperatures make Santa Teresa, Costa Rica the ultimate family vacation destination.
Geoengineering proposals fall into at least three
broad categories: 1) managing atmospheric greenhouse gases (e.g.,
ocean fertilization and atmospheric carbon capture and sequestration), 2) cooling the Earth by reflecting sunlight (e.g., putting reflective particles into the atmosphere, putting mirrors in space to reflect the sun's energy, increasing surface reflectivity and altering the amount or characteristics
of clouds), and 3) moderating specific impacts
of global
warming (e.g., efforts to limit sea level rise by increasing land storage
of water, protecting ice sheets or artificially enhancing mountain glaciers).
The implications
of our findings are that the modern observations
of ocean - driven
warming along the western Antarctic Peninsula need to be considered as part
of a natural centennial timescale cycle
of climate variability, and that in order to understand climate change along the Antarctic Peninsula, we need to understand the
broader climate connections with the rest
of the planet.
---- excerpt ---- «The Amery Ice Shelf
Ocean Research (AMISOR) project is part
of a
broad umbrella study
of the entire Lambert Glacier Basin, Amery Ice Shelf system (located between Mawson and Davis in East Antarctica), to understand both the climatic history
of the region, and its probable response to global
warming.
Other aspects
of global
warming's
broad footprint on the world's ecosystems include changes in the abundance
of more than 80 percent
of the thousands
of species included in population studies; major poleward shifts in living ranges as
warm regions become hot, and cold regions become
warmer; major increases (in the south) and decreases (in the north)
of the abundance
of plankton, which forms the critical base
of the
ocean's food chain; the transformation
of previously innocuous insect species like the Aspen leaf miner into pests that have damaged millions
of acres
of forest; and an increase in the range and abundance
of human pathogens like the cholera - causing bacteria Vibrio, the mosquito - borne dengue virus, and the ticks that carry Lyme disease - causing bacteria.
In other regions,
warm sub-surface
ocean water was shown to be responsible for thinning glaciers as they went afloat, resulting in rapid acceleration
of a
broad area
of the glacier (Pritchard et al. 2009).
While anthropogenic
warming should accelerate the thawing
of offshore permafrost via
warming of Arctic
Ocean shelf waters, this impact should be considered additive to a
broader thawing trend that has been underway for thousands
of years.
In
broad brushstrokes, as the different layers
of the
ocean warm, their density changes, and these density changes in turn impact the speed
of the internal waves.
Coastal areas and nations dependent upon fishing for food and revenue are likely to suffer as well, the report said, with
broad changes in marine species richness and fisheries catch potential as
warming and increasingly acidic seas cause species to move to different parts
of the
ocean.
Warming of sea surface temperatures and alteration
of ocean chemistry associated with anthropogenic increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide will have profound consequences for a
broad range
of species, but the potential for seasonal variation to modify species and ecosystem responses to these stressors has received little attention.