By 1980, the amounts of chlorine and
bromine from these chemicals soon far surpassed the smaller amounts of atmospheric chlorine and bromine arising from natural processes.
«The beauty of our reaction is that it enables
the bromine from hydrogen bromide to be embedded back into methyl bromide, using oxygen.
They found that water vapour and chlorine and
bromine from vaporised sea salts would destroy ozone high in Earth's atmosphere at a much faster rate than it is naturally created (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, DOI: 10.1016 / j.epsl.2010.08.036).
Not exact matches
As of January 2013, Britax required all of its suppliers to eliminate certain chemical flame retardants containing
bromine, chlorine or other halogens,
from all components used in its car seats and all other products — while still ensuring their ability to pass federal government standards for flammability.
Apart
from rotation, these molecules affect positions of neighbouring
bromine ions, further altering the atomic structure.
Methyl bromide, used in agriculture, and halons, which are used to fight fires, are the principal humanmade sources of the chemical, and their use helped double the amount of
bromine in the atmosphere
from the mid to the late 20th century.
To see if these regulations affected
bromine concentrations, atmospheric chemist Stephen Montzka of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, Colorado, and colleagues analyzed air samples taken several times each month
from 10 land - based sites across the globe between 1995 and 2002.
The protective ozone layer is under attack
from chlorine and
bromine, which come
from both synthetic chemicals and natural sources.
It's the smell of bromophenols synthesized by algae
from the
bromine in seawater.
Although scientists have used molluscicides, chlorine and
bromine to remove zebra mussels
from certain lakes in the past, no one is certain what long - term environmental effects these chemicals might have.
These chlorine - and
bromine - containing molecules are largely derived
from human - made chemicals that steadily increased in Earth's atmosphere up through the early 1990s.
These popcorn - sized puffs of ice crystals have long been thought the source of the
bromine oxide that triggers the deposition of the mercury
from the atmosphere and the depletion of ozone near the poles.
Short - lived
bromine compounds naturally released
from the ocean surface, however, have a more pronounced impact on ozone than their short - lived industrial cousins.
The remainder of the chlorine and
bromine in 2050 will come
from compounds naturally emitted by the ocean.
Here the antiproton and a proton or neutron
from an ordinary nucleus, presumably that of a silver or
bromine atom in the photographic emulsion, would die simultaneously.
Most
bromine in the atmosphere comes
from chemicals used by people.
In 1986, Solomon showed that the ozone was being destroyed by the presence of molecules that contain chlorine and
bromine, which come
from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
BVO is a food additive that keeps citrus flavoring
from separating in sodas and sports drinks.The additive is still legal in the US, even though it's banned in the European Union, Japan, and Australia because it contains
bromine, the element found in flame retardants that has been linked to nerve issues.
In addition to iodine's disappearance
from our food supply, exposure to toxic competing halogens (
bromine, fluorine, chlorine and perchlorate) has dramatically increased.
Re Ryan Drum, seaweed, especially kelp, can have a lot of contaminants, including
bromine and heavy metals, so though it is a fine food in low doses I would get iodine
from inorganic supplements like potassium iodide.
It takes 2 - 3 years to remove all the chlorine,
bromine and fluoride compounds
from the thyroid gland, replenish nutrients, and balance the body chemistry.
Apart
from soil depletion there are other possible causes of iodine deficiency such as
bromine which is a common endocrine disruptor.
The toxins that need to be removed in order for our bodies to optimally function include heavy metals, toxic chemicals, toxins
from chronic infestations (Lyme, Candida, mold, parasites, virus), halogens (chlorine, flouride,
bromine), and unwanted calcium accumulation.
In addition to iodine's disappearance
from our food supply, exposure to toxic competing halogens —
bromine, fluorine, chlorine, and perchlorate — has dramatically increased.
At 12.5 mg / day, it can take a year or more to become replete with iodine in all tissues and to fully drive out other halogens, such as
bromine,
from the body.
I've been trying to figure out where my enormous
bromine body burden might have come
from.
In the real world, both chlorine and
bromine are readily available in the stratosphere worldwide, especially chlorine
from chlorofluorocarbons which are well mixed in the lower atmosphere (where they are stable), before entering the stratosphere where they are photochemically decomposed.
Storminess is indicated by variations in the minerogenic content as well as
bromine deposited
from sea spray.
Bromine atoms released from bromine - containing compounds that reach the stratosphere also destroy ozone by a similar mec
Bromine atoms released
from bromine - containing compounds that reach the stratosphere also destroy ozone by a similar mec
bromine - containing compounds that reach the stratosphere also destroy ozone by a similar mechanism.
Ozone - depleting chemicals include those that contain chlorine or
bromine and that are not easily removed
from the atmosphere by chemical degradation or dissolution in clouds and rain.
The conclusion is based on a finding that
bromine and iodine oxide, natural chemicals produced by sea spray and emissions
from microscopic sea organisms, destroyed ozone in the atmosphere west of equatorial Africa — destroyed 50 % more ozone than than expected.
Satellite remote sensing has indicated that one possible mechanism leading to these events is sea - salt aerosol production
from snow lying on sea ice during blowing snow events and subsequent
bromine release («
bromine explosions»).
Reactive
bromine species are released
from inert salt ions through a process that is not completely understood yet.