The areas with higher bromine concentrations had up to 180 percent higher photoluminescence than areas depleted of
bromine ions.
The researchers studied a type of hybrid perovskite called methylammonium lead bromide, which contains negatively charged
bromine ions.
«We watch
the bromine ions migrate within minutes and see that the resulting bromine - rich areas have the potential to become better solar cells while the performance is degraded in bromine - poor areas,» Fenning said.
Apart from rotation, these molecules affect positions of neighbouring
bromine ions, further altering the atomic structure.
Not exact matches
The Stanford team looked at several emerging technologies, including five battery types — lead - acid, lithium -
ion, sodium - sulfur, vanadium - redox and zinc -
bromine.
Many are lead halide perovskites, which combine a lead
ion and three
ions of iodine or a related element, such as
bromine, with a third type of
ion (usually something like methylammonium).
Reactive
bromine species are released from inert salt
ions through a process that is not completely understood yet.