Called «underwater architects,» Caddisflies are a common aquatic species of insect that collect natural, substrate materials like sand, gravel, leaves and twigs to
build protective shells around their bodies, using silk excreted from salivary glands near their mouths to hold it all together (as seen below, au naturel).
A subsequent collision between Antarctica and Africa raised more mountains and released more sediment from 530 to 510 million years ago may have led to the Cambrian Explosion, when most major groups of animals evolved (including trilobites and bivalves which used abundant calcium to
build protective carbonate
shells).