The category «National Total» does not include emissions resulting from fuel sold for use in ships or aircrafts engaged in international transport (international
bunker fuel emissions).
Not exact matches
Some activists, though, said they are concerned that the United States will focus entirely on private - sector funding and will once again sidestep ways of raising public money, including from «innovative sources,» like a tax on
bunker fuels or airline
emissions.
One rough draft urged the «reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions from international aviation and marine
bunker fuels,» according to Transport & Environment, a Brussels - headquartered advocacy group.
As shipping increases, so will
emissions from heavy
fuel oil — known as
bunker fuel — that powers most of the region's ships.
The report also found that
emissions trading schemes or a
bunker fuel levy would be effective methods in reducing shipping
emissions.
Manfred Treber, senior adviser climate / transport, Germanwatch said: «The Kyoto Protocol adopted in 1997 had stated that the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) should pursue the limitation or reduction of
emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from international aviation, the IMO should do this for
emissions from marine
bunker fuels.
Note: For the purposes of greenhouse gas
emissions inventories, data on
emissions from combustion of international
bunker fuels are subtracted from national
emissions totals.
Emissions from aviation and marine
bunker fuels used in international transport do not enter into any national undertakings.
Coal - fired power plants supplementing
bunker fuel - based power generating systems feed on a seemingly endless permanently peaking power demands of billions of consumers in all countries, sustaining the carbon
emissions.
Emissions from
fuel sold to any air or marine vessel engaged in international transport (international
bunker fuels) are not included.
Global policies to cut shipping
emissions could create massive new demand for LNG as a
bunker fuel, with Europe in particular planning to invest nearly $ 2.4 bil in LNG refueling infrastructure at both sea and inland ports to 2030.
International
Bunkers Emissions resulting from
fuel use in ships or aircrafts engaged in international transport.
At the current allowable levels of sulfur in marine
bunker fuels, pollutant
emissions (particulates, black carbon, NOx, SOx, and CO2) from... Read more →
In Cancún, the imperative of including agriculture and biofuels; or to decide on a blueprint for mitigation of
emissions caused by
bunker fuels; or to define system - wide, large - scale levers for market - based action on mitigation and adaptation; or, establish new approaches that differentiate and foster innovation for climate from technological drivers in other areas and in the past, were all avoided.
Emissions from international aviation and shipping
fuel (
bunkers), in billions of tonnes (1,000 Tg) of CO2 equivalent.
The Kyoto Protocol itself calls on Annex I Parties to limit or reduce their greenhouse gas
emissions from
bunker fuels, working through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO)(Article 2.2).
Emissions resulting from
fuel used for international transportation: Aviation and marine «
bunker fuels»
In accordance with the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines, which are used by Parties to prepare their greenhouse gas inventories,
emissions from
fuel sold to ships or aircraft engaged in international transport (known as «
bunker fuels») should not be included in national
emission totals, but reported separately.