This animation shows the explosion of a white dwarf, an extremely dense remnant of a star that can no longer
burn nuclear fuel at its core.
Brown dwarfs start their lives like stars, as collapsing balls of gas, but they lack the mass to
burn nuclear fuel and radiate starlight.
Sure, it has the occasional outburst — hurling charged particles into space that sometimes land on Earth with troublesome consequences — but for the most part it goes about the workaday business of
burning nuclear fuel without incident.
Mass is important because it determines the rate at which a star
burns its nuclear fuel: bigger stars burn up faster, producing much higher temperatures.
Injury or Disease directly or indirectly caused by or contributed by ionizing radiation or contamination by radioactivity from any nuclear fuel or from any nuclear waste from
burning nuclear fuel.
Not exact matches
LNG will play its part in this dynamic, offering a cleaner energy solution to the coal Japan is
burning to replace its broken
nuclear capacity and China is using to
fuel its rapid acceleration through a phase of industrialization.
Many of the same warnings Mario Cuomo heard in the 1980s about Shoreham are the same ones his son hears today from supporters of Indian Point: Closing a
nuclear plant will result in blackouts, a less reliable electric grid and increased air pollution as fossil
fuels are
burned to replace the lost emissions - free
nuclear power; customers could face higher bills; more than 1,000 jobs will be lost, and tax revenue for schools and towns will dissipate.
However, at least two of the state's
nuclear reactors are in danger of closing within the next few years and would significantly increase air pollution because they would be replaced by fossil -
fuel burning power plants in the near future.
Such stars
burn through their
nuclear fuel so slowly that they can live for many billions of years, which gives any life on their planets a long time to grow and evolve.
Ex-up, or ex-vessel, means, in the jargon of the
nuclear trade, melted down
nuclear fuel that has
burned its way out of the reactor.
A leading ecologist with decades of experience in the effects of disturbance on ecosystems, Woodwell shows that diverse industrial activities — from
nuclear power production to fossil -
fuel burning to contemporary agricultural practices — are affecting the chemical processes that underpin all life on Earth.
But in the post-Rio world, the environmental risk of spent
nuclear fuel must be weighed against the potential environmental harm of the CO2 produced by
burning fossil
fuels.
Electricity may be what
fuels our future — electricity from renewables,
nuclear, and even from
burning biomass.
They
burn through their
nuclear fuel in mere tens of millions of years, while the lightest stars have lifetimes that span many tens of billions of years.
Because M dwarfs are so lightweight, they don't
burn through their
nuclear fuel as fast as their heavier cousins.
For the past two years, Winget and his colleagues at the University of Texas at Austin and Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico, have been creating searing plasmas that are, in effect, miniature versions of white dwarfs, ancient stars that have
burned up all their
nuclear fuel.
In fact, nukes and climate change are closely linked given that some see
nuclear energy as one way to reduce emissions from
burning fossil
fuels.
This July the Navy intends to demonstrate a «Great Green Fleet» in Hawaii, which will include a
nuclear - powered carrier and submarine but also all aircraft and surface ships
burning a 50 - 50 blend of biofuels and petroleum - derived
fuels.
After all, once operating,
nuclear power plants
burn nothing and therefore emit no carbon dioxide as fossil
fuel —
burning power plants do.
This
nuclear fuel cycle would combine two innovations: pyrometallurgical processing (a high - temperature method of recycling reactor waste into
fuel) and advanced fast - neutron reactors capable of
burning that
fuel.
For example, a tax on fossil
fuel burned would spur investment in cleaner energy technologies, such as renewables or
nuclear power.
Tokyo Electric Power Company now says that the
nuclear fuel rods fully melted down in Fukushima reactor number one and
burned a hole in the thick steel vessel surrounding them.
Sometimes what the scientists have written has been political satire, like Leo Szilard's The Voice of the Dolphins or OR Frisch's charming little thought experiment On the Feasibility of Coal -
burning Power Stations, in which he applied to fossil -
fuel power generation the strictures imposed on
nuclear plants.
If gravity were a little weaker than it is, it would never have been able to crush the core of the sun sufficiently to ignite the
nuclear reactions that create sunlight; a little stronger and, again, the sun would have
burned all of its
fuel billions of years ago.
Indeed, he has evidence: the speediest drop in greenhouse gas pollution on record occurred in France in the 1970s and «80s, when that country transitioned from
burning fossil
fuels to
nuclear fission for electricity, lowering its greenhouse emissions by roughly 2 percent per year.
Others, meanwhile, could reduce future
nuclear waste burdens by operating for decades without refuelling,
burning up more of their
fuel and generating smaller volumes of waste.
If scientists conclude that the
burning of fossil
fuels is inducing unacceptable global climate change, then we have a limited number of alternatives to turn to: solar - based sources (photovoltaics, ocean, wind, etc.),
nuclear fission and fusion.
Decades of research indicate that when a star heftier than eight suns
burns up its
nuclear fuel, it will begin to collapse under its own gravity, starting at the core.
There are several reasons for this: the contraction of energy - intensive heavy industries, such as iron and steel; the long - term malaise in the national economy; the modest move away from
burning fossil
fuels that produce carbon dioxide towards
nuclear energy; and the increasingly efficient use of energy evident in most of the economies of the rich world.
Japan has pursued fast - breeder technology, through which a reactor can produce more plutonium than it
burns in hopes of cutting or eliminating imports of
nuclear fuel.
Under the 1978
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act (NNPA), the United States has some control over the disposition of U.S. - made
fuel after it is
burned in reactors in foreign countries.
The group has found that a broad range of potential physical, chemical and biological markers characterise the Anthropocene, the clearest global markers being radionuclide fallout signals from
nuclear testing and changes in carbon chemistry through fossil
fuel burning — these in particular show marked changes starting in the early to mid-1950s.
Study suggests that key geological markers align towards a start for the Anthropocene somewhere between 1952 to 1955 based on signals from
nuclear testing and fossil
fuel burning
The promise of fusion eliminates the need to
burn fossil
fuels, accumulate greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, warm the Earth, and worry about
nuclear waste — instead, providing clean energy that uses ordinary seawater as a
fuel.
However, the long - term future of
nuclear power will employ «fast» reactors, which utilize ∼ 99 % of the
nuclear fuel and can «
burn»
nuclear waste and excess weapons material [243].
«The most compelling reason to look seriously at the PRISM is that it can
burn all the long - lived actinides in spent
nuclear fuel, leaving only fission products with a roughly 300 - year radioactive lifetime.
Footnote * It's worth noting that Peter Raven was one of dozens of signatories to a 2014 «open letter to environmentalists on
nuclear energy» endorsing this statement: «the full gamut of electricity - generation sources — including
nuclear power — must be deployed to replace the
burning of fossil
fuels, if we are to have any chance of mitigating severe climate change.»
As here, refuting Jon Kirwan's concern (# 150): «the speediest drop in greenhouse gas pollution on record occurred in France in the 1970s and «80s, when that country transitioned from
burning fossil
fuels to
nuclear fission for electricity, lowering its greenhouse emissions by roughly 2 percent per year.»
In a section of the film highlighting how
nuclear power, by displacing coal, can save thousands of lives, Rhodes pointedly says, «To be anti-
nuclear is basically to be in favor of
burning fossil
fuels.»
And modern
nuclear technology can reduce proliferation risks and solve the waste disposal problem by
burning current waste and using
fuel more efficiently.
When Edison championed the notion of AC power supplies that could send electricity huge distances, he little realized that this would create massive plant for
burning fossil
fuels, or
nuclear plants producing deadly waste that would remain deadly for millinia.
Brook and Bradshaw argue that the full gamut of electricity - generation sources — including
nuclear power — must be deployed to replace the
burning of fossil
fuels, if we are to have any chance of mitigating severe climate change.
Burning fossil
fuels and
nuclear power are both limited in duration and polluting and therefore unsustainable.
Bush's plan sounds extremely rational to me: increased efficiency, cleaner
burning fuels,
nuclear energy, etc..
Professor Curry wrote, «If you accept the premise that human caused climate change is dangerous and that we need to rapidly stop
burning fossil
fuels, then I don't see a near term alternative to
nuclear.»
If you accept the premise that human caused climate change is dangerous and that we need to rapidly stop
burning fossil
fuels, then I don't see a near term alternative to
nuclear.
They agree with me in such statements as «'' A critical factor for the future of an expanded
nuclear power industry is the choice of the
fuel cycle — what type of
fuel is used, what types of reactors «
burn» the
fuel, and the method of disposal of the spent
fuel.
While using
nuclear fusion to power homes and businesses may still be some way off, the work proves that the
burning of star - like
fuel can be achieved and contained using the current approach.
Reblogged this on Climate Collections and commented: Executive Summary: If you accept the premise that human caused climate change is dangerous and that we need to rapidly stop
burning fossil
fuels, then I [JC] don't see a near term alternative to
nuclear.
The heat used to boil water can come from
burning of a
fuel, from
nuclear reactions, or directly from the sun or geothermal heat sources underground.