[Poitou & Bréon] This statement is very obviously wrong as shown
by the Vostok ice core and by other cores from the Antarctic.
But in the near
by Vostok location, for many centuries, there has been absolutely no sign of the MWP?
7 - 9 pm With live performance
by Vostok.
Fear the Wolves is a game developed
by Vostok Games, published by Focus Home Interactive.
Joining the round is London - based VC Amadeus Capital Partners, investing $ 2 million, while the first closing of Iyzico's Series C was led
by Vostok Emerging Finance, with participation from previous investors, International Finance Corporation (the World Bank's investing arm), and Istanbul - based VC 212.
Not exact matches
Their analysis, recently published in Geology, reveals a subglacial lake covering as much as 1,250 square kilometers (making it the second - largest subglacial lake in Antarctica
by length after Lake
Vostok) and a series of canyons that extend a kilometer deep and 1,100 kilometers across.
If the wind speed were lower and a similar vortex centred on
Vostok, Turner reckons that the temperature could drop
by a further 6 °C or so.
Even
by Antarctic standards, the Lake
Vostok research station is inhospitable.
No human has, but human technology — in the form of a drill operated
by Russian scientists — reached
Vostok in 2012.
The discovery builds on research done
by Russian researchers at Lake
Vostok, another Antarctic subglacial lake.
At roughly 12 kilometers long
by 3 kilometers wide, with a depth of around 150 meters, it is but a puddle compared with the vast Lake
Vostok.
Measuring about 250 kilometers long
by 50 kilometers wide,
Vostok ranks among the world's largest freshwater bodies.
Researchers speculate that primitive life could eke out an existence there, subsisting on a bare minimum of dissolved organic carbon — a notion bolstered
by the recent discovery of bacteria within refrozen ice in a core drilled to 100 meters above the lake under
Vostok Station (ScienceNOW, 9 December 1999).
If they can obtain the satellite, Polar Broadband Systems hopes to have it in place
by the next Antarctic summer — in time for Russian scientists» return to Lake
Vostok to collect the first sample of water from an Antarctic subglacial lake.
Warmth from the Earth has melted about 2000 cubic kilometers of water, making Lake
Vostok by far the largest of more than 70 known lakes within the Antarctic ice.
Geologists think
Vostok might be warmed
by geothermal energy, but they don't know for sure because they have not yet penetrated down to the lake.
The Russians, at Lake
Vostok, and the British, at Lake Ellsworth, may have samples
by 2012.
Sporting «80s business attire and horn rim glasses, your journey through
Vostok Inc. will be guided
by a talkative space - yuppie named Jimmy.
Published
by BadLand Games,
Vostok Inc. lets you play as a corrupt, narcissistic yuppie setting out to make as much money as humanly possible in this greed - driven twin - stick shooter without a conscience.
Vostok Games was founded
by Ukrainian game industry veterans in March 2012 in Kiev.
-- which
by the way is an argument for why the Ruddiman hypothesis for an «expected» ice age is not valid - we should be «expecting» a 40,000 year warm period similar to what was recently discovered at
Vostok for the time ~ 400,000 years ago when we were last at this point in the eccentricity cycle!)
Further,
Vostok suggests that within centuries, Global Temperatures will then plummet
by some 10 °C in just a few thousand years, ending the current stable - temperature Holocene Epoch in which human civilisation flourished.
Mauna Loa has only been in operation since 1959, but
Vostok ice core estimates (cited
by IPCC) put the CO2 level at around 280 ppmv in 1850.
The
Vostok data going back 450,000 years shows that CO2 lags temperature
by several hundred years, so was obviously not the «driver».
Contrary to current belief today, the
Vostok data shows us that CO2 increases lag behind temperature increases
by about 800 years.
Vostok Data The
Vostok ice core sample was obtained
by drilling down into the ice above Lake
Vostok to a depth of 3623m.
From Peru: You've complimented me
by sharing my project (the
vostok viewer) on this blog, but I should add that that project began here a couple years ago when I asked Tamino to define climatic precession.
My other point to him at the time was that the Industrial Revolution was actually quite limited and that it wasn't until the forties last century that industry spread, but he ignored this as he ignored the email about getting rid of the MWP and LIA and when I found the
Vostok data, and began to appreciate the great cycles within our Ice Age, he dismissed these too and came back to the claim that our temps had been «flat normal» and our fault that we were changing this
by our increased production of carbon dioxide as the Hockey Stick showed.
The ICESat bias corrections used
by the Zwally team were appropriate for measuring sea ice, but not for measuring high altitude land - base ice sheets like found in Antarctica (the values returned for Lake
Vostok alone were so unphysical that they should have made the entire study DOA) 2.
As it happens, the relationship between CO2 and temperature in the
Vostok record is well - represented
by Henry's Law, using the identical data.
The
Vostok data showed that CO2 increases lag behind temperature increases
by about 800 years.
IPCC, like others before it, plots the well - known
Vostok ice core reductions
by shifting and scaling the coordinates to maximize visual correlation, an example of chartjunk.
For a completely carbon - dioxide - free reconstruction of the
Vostok temperatures since 450 000 years refer to O. G. Sorokhtin (references on card n ° 7) chapter 4.4 pp. 180 - 190 Precession Cycles and the Earth Climate: it explains in detail and computes the quick de-glaciations observed
by G.Roe and
by Lisiecki & Raymo, with all the «saw - teeth».
The longer - term
Vostok record shows that temperature changes preceded changes in atmospheric CO2
by several centuries.
The new view of climate was reinforced
by one of the last great achievements of the Soviet Union, an ice core drilled with French collaboration at
Vostok in Antarctica.
Then, in another study of the 420,000 - year
Vostok ice - core record, Mudelsee (2001) concluded that variations in atmospheric CO2 concentration lagged variations in air temperature
by 1,300 to 5,000 years. . .»
(it was usually followed
by the low res
Vostok one).
As a result, I've followed the common practice of making a rough estimate of global average temperature changes
by dividing the
Vostok changes in half.
Well, Chevron's counsel was unable to point out that temperature changes lead CO2 changes in the
Vostok records, and that the movie was totally false on this point as found
by an English judge.
The outstanding record was extracted
by a French - Soviet team at the Soviets»
Vostok Station in Antarctica.
We have all gotten so used to the «standard» interpretation (that humans are the primary cause for increased atmospheric CO2 levels) that no one has questioned it anymore (despite the gnawing questions raised
by the 450,000 - year
Vostok record).
Studies of the ice core retrieved
by Russia's
Vostok Antarctic station show that this is what has been happening on earth for at least the last 400,000 years.
The Concordia Dome ice core turns out to average about 0.43 cm of ice per year, so the loss of resolution of atmospheric CO2
by diffusion averaging is about twice the rate of
Vostok.
These processes stabilize the pH of the ocean,
by a mechanism called CaCO3 compensation... The point of bringing it up again is to note that if the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere changes more slowly than this, as it always has throughout the
Vostok record, the pH of the ocean will be relatively unaffected because CaCO3 compensation can keep up.
According to the article, deglaciation Transition III in the
Vostok ice core started with the melting of Antarctic ice driven
by some change in solar forcing, followed
by an increase in global CO2, and then
by the melting of Northern Hemisphere glaciers.
It started out with the
Vostok curves of CO2 and temperature going back 450,000 years (made famous
by Al Gore), where someone asked Alley why the CO2 changes followed the temperature changes
by several centuries, if CO2 was supposed to be the driver.