Sentences with phrase «by a microbe such»

Diarrhea is often — but not always — infectious, meaning that it is thought to be caused by a microbe such as a virus, bacterium or parasite that can spread from person to person.

Not exact matches

Despite years of study, the means by which these microbes cause such severe disease remain mysterious.

Unseen by the human eye, plants interact with many species of fungi and other microbes in the surrounding environment, and these exchanges can impact the plant's health and tolerance to stressors such as drought or disease, as well as the global carbon cycle.

We're just now beginning to understand how our normal microflora does such a good job of preventing our colonization by disease - causing microbes.

And, unfortunately, the microbes» speed is limited not by the availability of oil — or even its droplet size, which is why chemical dispersants have been used to break up the oil into microbe - friendly globules — but by the availability of various nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus that wash into the ocean via rivers carrying sediments from the continents.

Now, Wyss Institute researchers led by Church have developed a new suite of such sensors, reported in Nucleic Acids Research journal, that not only increase the number of cellular «switches and levers» that scientists can use for complex genetic re-programming, but also respond to valuable products such as renewable plastics or costly pharmaceuticals and give microbes a voice to report on their own efficiency in making these products.

Bioprocess engineer Rafael Garcia of ARS and biochemical engineer Zhiyou Wen of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg are designing a study to grow EPA - and DHA - producing microbes using low - cost by - products of other processes, such as glycerol from biodiesel production and rendered animal protein from slaughterhouses.

Louca suspects that interactions between organisms that are not directly related to metabolic function, such as infection by viruses or «chemical warfare» between microbes, may be causing this variation of species that can not be explained based on environmental conditions.

Researchers have known for decades that some microorganisms, such as single - celled green algae, have proteins that respond to light by opening a channel in the microbe's membranes, allowing the passage of electrically charged ions (such as calcium and sodium).

Such a dramatic decline could turn the land from taking up carbon overall to pumping it out by 2100, as the rate of respiration by soil microbes, which exhale carbon dioxide, is predicted to increase in a warmer world.

A 2010 analysis by Australian researchers looked at the actual number of bacteria per square centimeter on various banknotes and found that a U.S. note contains 10 such microbes per square centimeter (higher than what Australia and New Zealand had on their currency.)

This approach is also being used to reverse engineer even more complex gut environments by integrating other cell types, such as immune cells, neuronal cells, and commensal microbes into the device.

The team collected samples of methane from settings such as lakes, swamps, natural gas reservoirs, the digestive tracts of cows, and deep ancient groundwater, as well as methane made by microbes in the lab.

And, by changing the grapes» resident microbes, such shifts may more directly alter wine.

«Vitamin B12 is the most complex single molecular species made by any organism, and we want to know how on earth a little microbe manages to put such an exquisitely complicated structure together,» he says.

Veterinary pathologists Craig Franklin and Aaron Ericsson, also at MU Columbia, are trying to account for such effects by measuring and manipulating those microbes.

The next step, Wright notes, is to look at a more complete assessment of beaver meadows» carbon budget that takes into account the greenhouse gases emitted by microbes that tend to thrive in moist sediments such as natural wetlands and rice paddies.

Researchers have determined the species of such unculturable microbes by identifying characteristic genetic fingerprints, but these tell them little about the microbes» lifestyles — which chemicals they burn for energy, for example, and how one species lives off the waste of another.

Microbes that cause diseases like HIV, malaria, and hepatitis C exploit and often activate the same checkpoint pathways — cell surface receptors such as CTLA4 and PD - 1 — to slow immune cells and prevent their elimination by the host.

Eating food or drinking water contaminated by shiga - producing bacteria typically causes gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloody diarrhea, and the microbes can be lethal, often by damaging the kidneys so severely that the organs shut down.

By comparing soil taken from 31 uncultivated prairie sites, such as cemeteries and national parks, with soil from agricultural land, Fierer's team identified microbes that probably inhabited the untouched prairies but were later lost.

Given at least nine meters (roughly 30 feet) of water on the planet, photosynthetic microbes (including mats of algae, cyanobacteria, and other photosynthetic bacteria) and plant - like protoctists (such as floating seaweed or kelp forests attached to the seafloor) could be protected from «planet - scalding» ultraviolet flares produced by young red dwarf stars, according to Victoria Meadows of Caltech, principal investigator at the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory.

Even if such efforts succeed, they won't necessarily cause native Mars life to be swamped by microbes from Earth, Rummel said — especially if Red Planet organisms exist only underground, where they're shielded from harmful radiation.

Analysis of that sample showed that early Mars offered environmental conditions favorable for microbial life, including the key elemental ingredients for life and a chemical energy source such as used by some microbes on Earth.

It might be in the hosts» best interest, after all, to resist being manipulated by the microbes: Such resistance would mean hosts could keep more resources for themselves, increasing their odds of survival.

If microbes influence social behaviors such as altruism, doing things that change our microbial balance — such as taking antibiotics or probiotics — could potentially reshape how we treat one another by weakening or strengthening the manipulations that are part of our normal behavior.

The fossils discovered in these formations include stromatolites — layered rock structures created by communities of ancient microbes — and several other signatures of microbial life, such as a microbial palisade texture preserved in stone, and bubbles that were most likely trapped in a sticky substance produced by ancient bacteria.

«The UMI highlights the need for new imaging and omics technologies, such as those currently being developed at PNNL, to understand how microbes function and interact in complex environments and how they are impacted by climate change and other perturbations,» said Jansson, who also leads the Microbiomes in Transition initiative at PNNL.

The microbes are able to live in such extreme conditions, researchers say, because they generate energy by combining carbon dioxide with hydrogen from rocks in the geothermal spring.

One wonders how many human diseases are caused by perturbations in host - microbe interactions, and how we could use this knowledge to prevent and / or treat such perturbations.

Come learn how drones are being used to detect environmental hazards such as gas leaks and airborne disease microbes, how planes equipped with sensors can tell us about ecological change and how DIY sensors placed in homes by journalists generate data and stories about the impact of heat waves.

By using products and surfaces with built in BioCote protection, guarding against the negative effects of bacteria and other microbes such as mould.

Perhaps the most unique element of this car's onboard technology, Plasmacluster works by artificially creating positive and negative ions that seek out and surround harmful airborne substances, such as mold spores, microbes, fungi, odor, germs, and bacteria.

The team collected samples of methane from settings such as lakes, swamps, natural gas reservoirs, the digestive tracts of cows, and deep ancient groundwater, as well as methane made by microbes in the lab.

Nitrogen gets into the soil by being «fixed» from the air by microbes and certain plants, such as soy, Wieder says.