Sentences with phrase «by a volcanic eruption in»

W. H. Bramble Airport, named for William Henry Bramble, chief minister of Montserrat, was the only way of flying to and from the Caribbean island until it was destroyed by a volcanic eruption in 1997.

The extinction at the end of the Permian is thought to have been caused by volcanic eruptions in Siberia over hundreds of thousands if not a million years that produced what are known today as the Siberian Traps: lava fields covering much of northern Russia and originally encompassing nearly 3 million square miles with an average thickness of about 1,000 feet.

The biggest mass extinction, or Great Dying, was triggered by a volcanic eruption in Siberia 250 million years ago.

Not exact matches

The first 110,000 annual layers of snow in that ice core (GISP2) have been visually counted and corroborated by two to three different and independent methods as well as by correlation with volcanic eruptions and other datable events.

The Giant's Causeway, located on the County Antrim coast in Northern Ireland, includes spectacular basalt columns which were formed by volcanic eruptions up to 60 million years ago.

Dr Ubide said it was currently very difficult to predict volcanic eruptions — as evidenced by the eruption at Mount Agung in Bali, which started last November after 2 months of precursory earthquakes.

These giant waves, caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and underwater landslides, are some of the deadliest natural disasters known; the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean killed over 230,000 people, a higher death toll than any fire or hurricane.

But even earlier readings can provide a record of natural climate variation caused by volcanic eruptions or cycles in ocean circulation.

By contrast, volcanic eruptions occurring in the 2,000 years before that can not be dated reliably, while the dates of even older volcanic events can be determined relatively accurately using the C14 method.

Pockmarked with sulphurous pits, bathed in intense radiation and shaken by constant volcanic eruptions, Io is the fiery hell of the solar system

Beyond human activity, tropical sea surface temperatures further back in time are affected by volcanic eruptions, changes in the intensity of sunlight and natural events like El Niño.

Some researchers have suggested that these gases might have been spewed out by the volcanic eruptions that produced the Siberian traps, a vast formation of volcanic rock produced by the most extensive eruptions in Earth's geological record.

Does one major volcanic eruption generate more climate - altering gas than that produced by humans in their entire history?

Rising sea levels caused by global warming could fuel more volcanic eruptions, possibly resulting in mass extinctions

Any volcano on land which was as lively as KeJ would be constantly monitored by satellites and an array of local instruments looking for the slightest change in behaviour that could precede a major volcanic eruption.

In years influenced by volcanic eruptions, Nile flooding was generally diminished, leading to social stress that could trigger unrest and have other political and economic consequences,» says Joseph Manning, lead author on the paper and the William K. & Marilyn Milton Simpson Professor of History and Classics at Yale.

The atmospheric effects of volcanic eruptions were confirmed by the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, in the Philippines.

The research team showed that prior to the industrial period (pre AD 1800), changes in the North Atlantic Ocean, brought about by variations in the Sun's activity and volcanic eruptions, were driving our climate and led to changes in the atmosphere, which subsequently impacted our weather.

Meanwhile, hydrogen sulfide, which would have been released in huge amounts by volcanic eruptions, would have mostly stayed in the atmosphere, as the molecule is relatively insoluble in water, and therefore would not have had regular opportunities to interact with hydrogen cyanide.

The sun's radiance has dropped slightly since the 1970s, and dust thrown up by recent volcanic eruptions, especially that of Mexico's El Chichon in 1982, should be keeping some sunlight from reaching the planet.

Around 4 billion years ago, Earth was an inhospitable place, devoid of oxygen, bursting with volcanic eruptions, and bombarded by asteroids, with no signs of life in even the simplest forms.

In a new study, an international team of scientists claim that the most powerful volcanic eruptions, dubbed «super-eruptions», are triggered by a slow and steady drip feed of magma from large reservoirs deep within Earth's crust into smaller reservoirs closer to the surface.

But those rulers may have had more to blame than just bad luck: According to a new study, volcanic eruptions around the ancient world likely suppressed the Nile's annual floods — critical for agriculture — by altering rainfall upriver in the Ethiopian highlands several times from the third to first centuries B.C.E..

Pore spaces that shelter subsurface microbes areconstricted to the vanishing point in metamorphic rocks buried over eons byfurther sedimentation, volcanic eruptions, or massive folding of Earth's crust.And dense crystalline material formed by melting — basic igneous rock — offerslittle housing or dining.

One of the largest colonies of gentoo penguins in Antarctica was decimated by volcanic eruptions several times during the last 7,000 years according to a new study.

New findings published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) by Desert Research Institute (DRI) Professor Joseph R. McConnell, Ph.D., and colleagues document a 192 - year series of volcanic eruptions in Antarctica that coincided with accelerated deglaciation about 17,700 years ago.

The height of exploration may have occurred at the peak of cooling: Starting in the late 16th century, a series of volcanic eruptions likely chilled the Northern Hemisphere by as much as 1.8 degrees Celsius below the long - term average, White says.

Hiatuses can also be triggered by volcanic eruptions that eject particles into the air, reflecting sunlight away from Earth, as happened after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991.

Plant samples preserved underneath these outlet glaciers on Baffin Island in the Canadian Arctic led NSF - funded researchers to conclude that the Earth's Little Ice Age began in 1275 and was triggered by repeated volcanic eruptions that cooled the atmosphere.

The hobbits were likely buried in the cave they lived in by a volcanic eruption, entombed beneath volcanic ash.

The research was inspired by a NSF - funded study to understand the properties of volcanic ash collected from the 1980 eruption of the Mount Saint Helens volcano in the state of Washington.

In a study published online in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, David Fee of the Alaska Volcanic Observatory and Wilson Alaska Technical Center and his colleagues used these techniques to examine the ground - coupled airwaves produced by recent eruptions at Cleveland, Veniaminof and Pavlof volcanoes in AlaskIn a study published online in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, David Fee of the Alaska Volcanic Observatory and Wilson Alaska Technical Center and his colleagues used these techniques to examine the ground - coupled airwaves produced by recent eruptions at Cleveland, Veniaminof and Pavlof volcanoes in Alaskin the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, David Fee of the Alaska Volcanic Observatory and Wilson Alaska Technical Center and his colleagues used these techniques to examine the ground - coupled airwaves produced by recent eruptions at Cleveland, Veniaminof and Pavlof volcanoes in Alaskin Alaska.

Indeed, the era between 65,000 and 25,000 years ago, toward the end of the Paleolithic, was a time of major volcanic eruptions, along with extremes of climate that included rapid shifts in temperature accompanied by alternately creeping and contracting glaciers across many regions of Eurasia.

So the report notes that the current «pause» in new global average temperature records since 1998 — a year that saw the second strongest El Nino on record and shattered warming records — does not reflect the long - term trend and may be explained by the oceans absorbing the majority of the extra heat trapped by greenhouse gases as well as the cooling contributions of volcanic eruptions.

Professor Sybren said: «It can be excluded, however, that this hiatus period was solely caused by changes in atmospheric forcing, either due to volcanic eruptions, more aerosols emissions in Asia, or reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

The research team led by Dr. Jin - Young Lee confirmed in results from radiocarbon dating for carbonized wood (charcoal) found below the basaltic layer located in Sangchang - ri, Seogwipo - si, Jeju - do it dated back to 5,000 years ago; which means the time when the basalt on the upper layer was formed took place relatively recently, i.e. 5,000 years ago, and which demonstrates that the island has experienced a volcanic eruption fairly recently.

Volcanic eruptions may have put enough heat - trapping carbon dioxide in the air to warm methane frozen in the seafloor and allow it to belch to the surface, a team led by Micha Ruhl of Utrecht University in the Netherlands writes in the July 22 Science.

I won't argue that our added gases may contribute to the warming to some very, very small degree, but keep in mind, the ash plume from a good volcanic eruption such as the last big Pinatubo eruption eclipses into insignificants the amount of pollutants added to the atmosphere by human activity.

Armed with a clear timeline, the archeologist Marean was able to show that those human ancestors living at Pinnacle Point and Vleesbaai — located about five miles apart — showed remarkable improvement in their life style during the volcanic winter caused by the Toba eruption.

The researchers made this discovery by studying rocks left over from ancient volcanic eruptions in Central America.

By comparing volcanic activity to records of social unrest, the researchers found a correlation between the two that was too closely matched to dismiss: «In years influenced by volcanic eruptions, Nile flooding was generally diminished, leading to social stress that could trigger unrest and have other political and economic consequences,» Manning saiBy comparing volcanic activity to records of social unrest, the researchers found a correlation between the two that was too closely matched to dismiss: «In years influenced by volcanic eruptions, Nile flooding was generally diminished, leading to social stress that could trigger unrest and have other political and economic consequences,» Manning saiby volcanic eruptions, Nile flooding was generally diminished, leading to social stress that could trigger unrest and have other political and economic consequences,» Manning said.

These gems, brought to the surface by volcanic eruptions, were uncovered in five ancient continents by researchers over the course of more than 30 years.

In the latter case, we'd see a potentially risky situation if efforts to introduce particles happens to be followed by a major volcanic eruption that pushes the cooling in the direction of the Little DryaIn the latter case, we'd see a potentially risky situation if efforts to introduce particles happens to be followed by a major volcanic eruption that pushes the cooling in the direction of the Little Dryain the direction of the Little Dryas.

The short - term variations are dominated by ENSO but also can be influenced by large tropical volcanic eruptions (such as occurred in 1963, 1982 and, markedly, 1991), so the years after those eruptions are anomalously cool.

Zooming in on the period after 1970, one sees a record of largely unabated warming, with temperatures increasing steadily accompanied by some short - term variability driven by El Niño and La Niña events, and also by major volcanic eruptions like Pinatubo in 1992.

The long timescales (even ignoring the «Earth system» responses like ice sheets and vegetation) are not easy to get at in the instrumental record or by studying «abrupt forcing» events like volcanic eruptions.

What is your level of confidence in the prediction made by GISS: «barring the unlikely event of a large volcanic eruption, a record global temperature clearly exceeding that of 2005 can be expected within the next 2 - 3 years.»

In the past, volcanic eruptions caused by changes at plate boundaries have warmed the atmosphere by pumping out greenhouse gases.

That left the El Chichon and Pinatubo volcanic eruptions in 1982 and 1991 as the remaining major natural perturbations to the climate trend, although that had as much to do with the timing of the eruptions as it did with the cooling caused by the nearly global distribution of volcanic ash in the upper atmosphere.

They happen when magnetic energy that has accumulated in the solar atmosphere suddenly escapes with the power of 10 million volcanic eruptions, as described by NASA.