Crystal quantum memory devices hoard data
by absorbing photons, each of which carry one quantum bit, or qubit, of data.
The weak but nevertheless detectable SIF signal emerges naturally on sunlight - exposed leaves, when chlorophyll molecules are excited
by absorbed photons, and is a proxy for plant photosynthesis.
By absorbing a photon of light, photosensitive molecules can reposition chemical bonds and thus create a «kink» in the polymer chain.
Not exact matches
The laser generates a specific wavelength of light that is
absorbed in a stoichiometric fashion
by glucose molecules — the more glucose molecules; the more
photons are
absorbed.
Photons that enter the crystal at one end bounce back and forth between these «mirrors» a few thousand times before they can escape, which increases their likelihood of getting
absorbed by an atom along the way.
By first converting the sunlight to heat and then back into light, the device fine - tunes the energy of photons absorbed by the photovoltaic cell, maximizing the electricity - generating potentia
By first converting the sunlight to heat and then back into light, the device fine - tunes the energy of
photons absorbed by the photovoltaic cell, maximizing the electricity - generating potentia
by the photovoltaic cell, maximizing the electricity - generating potential.
By careful construction of the avalanche region, it is possible to build an APD which generates an output, or gain, of 1500 electrons for every
photon which is
absorbed.
Instead, each particle of light, or
photon, is briefly
absorbed by an atom in the material.
Under full sunlight, the energy from excess
absorbed photons is intentionally dissipated
by the plant as heat.
By conservation of energy, the energy of the photon is absorbed by the electron and, if sufficient, the electron can escape from the material with a finite kinetic energ
By conservation of energy, the energy of the
photon is
absorbed by the electron and, if sufficient, the electron can escape from the material with a finite kinetic energ
by the electron and, if sufficient, the electron can escape from the material with a finite kinetic energy.
When light hits a painting, some
photons are
absorbed by pigment molecules, which split apart.
Exciton diffusion is also a basic mechanism underlying photosynthesis: Plants
absorb energy from
photons, and this energy is transferred
by excitons to areas where it can be stored in chemical form for later use in supporting the plant's metabolism.
The universe is opaque to ultraenergetic
photons, or gamma rays, which are
absorbed by the matter and radiation that lie between their source and Earth.
An atom can
absorb a
photon, or light particle,
by boosting one of its electrons to a higher energy, but it's unstable in this state.
When an already excited atom is hit
by another
photon, however, it can't
absorb it; instead it releases a
photon of the same color, or frequency.
OCO - 2 will also closely monitor the carbon uptake of plants
by measuring the weak fluorescence that is produced during photosynthesis as plants» chlorophyll pigments
absorb light to capture energy and subsequently re-emit
photons at longer wavelengths.
Each
photon was
absorbed efficiently
by the rare - earth ions with the help of the cavity.
Ordinary atoms can change their energy levels under the right conditions
by either
absorbing or emitting a
photon.
Two key properties of fluorophores that determine brightness are the extent to which the excitation light is
absorbed and the efficiency
by which
absorbed photons are converted into emitted
photons.
Non-thermal
photons of light are administered to the body and
absorbed by the injured cells.
Non-thermal
photons of light are administered to the body for about 3 to 8 minutes and
absorbed by the injured cells.
The
photons are
absorbed by the cells, causing a chemical reaction within the cells, stimulating healing processes.
As the frequency of the electric field of the infrared radiation approaches the frequency of the oscillating bond dipole and the two oscillate at the same frequency and phase, the chemical bond can
absorb the infrared
photon and increase its vibrational quantum number
by +1.
It can be reasonably calculated from available extinction coefficients and CO2 concentration that > 99 % of the IR
photons emitted
by the earth's surface that can be
absorbed by CO2 will be
absorbed in the first 100m.
Transitions between these levels is governed
by quantum numbers and are allowed or forbidden
by selection rules, so the energy of
photons emitted or
absorbed is subject to these rules.
The higher energy ultraviolet
photons, which can be
absorbed by O2 molecules in the stratosphere, break that oxygen - oxygen bond and the freed oxygen can combine with O2 to make ozone (O3).
What is relevant is the probability that such a
photon will be
absorbed by (or more generally interact with) a susceptible molecule (CO2) within the given length.
What I'm saying is that TOA, as far as radiative energy is concerned, for CO2 or other IR
absorbing gas, is effectively the altitude where the chance that a
photon will be
absorbed, and emitted back in a direction that will lead it to being
absorbed again
by a molecule in the atmosphere, becomes negligible.
How far does an emitted
photon travel before it is
absorbed again
by another molecule?
What happens to a non-GHG molecule when it
absorbs a
photon by collision from a GHG molecule?
PS when molecular collisions are frequent relative to
photon emissions and absorptions (as is generally the case in most of the mass of the atmosphere), the radiant heat
absorbed by any population of molecules is transfered to the heat of the whole population within some volume, and molecules that emit
photons can then gain energy from other molecules.
Do
photons from the surface of the earth heat up the CO2 molecules that
absorb them (where heating up would mean making them move faster), and transmit this heat to other air molecules
by collision.
Re 392 Chris Dudley — while it makes intuitive sense that a spatially - invariant net
photon flux could be sustained
by a constant gradient in local equilibrium
photon concentration (proportional to T ^ 4 for a grey gas, assuming constant real component of index of refraction), the calculation of what that gradient should actually be is made a bit more complicated
by the fact that
photons travelling in different directions will on average be
absorbed over longer or shorter vertical distances.
So, it seems to me that the amount of energy
absorbed by CO2 in the bands that can be
absorbed by CO2 (ie, some fraction of the total outgoing energy) is proportional to the fraction of CO2 in the atmosphere, unless you can somehow magically push all that CO2 into a thin shell that no
photon of the required frequency can avoid.
By the way, CO2 does not re-emit the
photons that it
absorbs.
However, a body
absorbing a thermal energy
photon of «x» energy emitted
by another body, whether colder or hotter, will always
absorb that «x» energy.
The other part is an extension of that that describes how
photons are
absorbed and emitted in a large space filled
by gas, the atmosphere (also clouds must be taken into account).
RealOldOne2 claims that the emission of a
photon from a cold body can not be
absorbed by a hotter body as that would violate the 2nd law.
You do know that plant life
absorbs photons and CO2, which is buffered
by inorganic carbonate, and convert it to organic carbon.
Molecules
absorbing photons at a depth of 1 mm will likely loose that energy to the bulk
by molecular collision.
Cotton thinks a
photon from the cold atmosphere can not be
absorbed by a warm surface because it has some kind of memory of its emission temperature.
Radon is radioactive, and if it were present at 400 ppm, collisions of neutrons with neighboring air molecules would cause more warming than an equivalent concentration of CO2
by absorbing relatively weak infrared waves /
photons.
Photons of sufficient energy are
absorbed by oxygen molecules and as a result the atoms of the oxygen are «blown» apart.
Microwave
photons can be produced with very different distributions, like radio waves can, and can be
absorbed just as well as other
photons by warm surfaces.
No, a 15 micron
photon is
absorbed just as easily whether it is emitted
by a warm surface or emitted from the atmosphere.
The basic flaw is that
photons carry no information apart from their own wavelength and they are
absorbed just as easily
by hot and cold surfaces.
It would still pick up heat from direct conduction, as Gary Moran has insisted; and it would not be correct to say that there would be NO interaction with radiation (another point
by Tom Vonk): if there are lower - energy bands, they will be used
by the gas to
absorb photons.
BTW, in case you didn't get it, the basic error
by Tom is demanding that there be LTE at all times, even when a
photon of IR from outside the local area is
absorbed.
So when a molecule
absorbs a
photon (which,
by definition results in an excited vibrational and / or rotational state) the very process of re-establishing equilibrium means that some of that energy winds up in translation.
I'd like to see it worked out quantitatively, but in any case, if we're talking a reasonable size local area, the uncertainty of temperature
by one or a few IR
photons being
absorbed is too small to worry about.