Sentences with phrase «by aerosol optical»

«The impact of el Nino is characterized by the Multivariate el Nino index (MEI), that of volcanic aerosols by Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), and solar output by Total Solar Irradiance (TSI).»

Not exact matches

After allowing for humidity and rainfall, they found that «aerosol optical thickness» — a measure of the concentration of atmospheric particles — decreased by only 10 to 15 per cent compared with the same periods in 2002 to 2007 (Geophysical Research Letters, in press).

Geoengineering activities are mimicked in the models by modifying the volcanic aerosol radiative inputs, applied as variations in stratospheric optical depth over four zonal bands bounded by the equator, 30degreesN and 30degreesS.

New VICS publication by Matthew Toohey and Michael Sigl on volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth from 500 BCE to 1900 C https://www.earth-syst-sci-data.net/9/809/2017/essd-9-809-2017.html …

Their belief came about because the optical physics of aerosols, originating from Sagan and introduced to climate modelling by his ex-students, Lacis and Hansen in 1974 at GISS / NAS, predicts the cloud part of «global dimming», the increase of albedo by aerosols supposed to hide present CO2 - AGW.

The degree of spatial heterogeneity can be seen by considering the aerosol optical depth for a number of aerosol species as shown by model results in Figure 4 - 1.

Kiehl et al. (2000) improve the treatment of relative humidity compared to Kiehl and Briegleb (1993) and Kiehl and Rodhe (1995) by improving the relative humidity dependence of the aerosol optical properties and by using interactive GCM relative humidities rather than monthly mean ECMWF analyses, resulting in a larger normalised radiative forcing.

FIGURE 4 - 1 Annual mean aerosol optical depth predicted by an aerosol chemical transport model due to sulfate, mineral dust, sea salt, and organic and black carbon aerosols.

«The overall slow decrease of upwelling SW flux from the mid-1980's until the end of the 1990's and subsequent increase from 2000 onwards appear to caused, primarily, by changes in global cloud cover (although there is a small increase of cloud optical thickness after 2000) and is confirmed by the ERBS measurements... The overall slight rise (relative heating) of global total net flux at TOA between the 1980's and 1990's is confirmed in the tropics by the ERBS measurements and exceeds the estimated climate forcing changes (greenhouse gases and aerosols) for this period.

Foster and Rahmstorf characterize ENSO by using the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI), aerosol optical thickness data (AOD) for volcanic activity, and solar irradiance data (from PMOD) to characterize solar activity.

You get that by correcting Sagan's incorrect aerosol optical physics which the warmists use to claim increased cloud albedo is hiding CO2 - AGW.

It all goes back to Sagan who was misled by mistaken aerosol optical physics.

Aerosols may influence climate in several ways: directly through scattering and absorbing radiation (see Aerosol — radiation interaction) and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei, modifying the optical properties and lifetime of clouds (see Aerosol — cloud interaction).

The mean physical and optical properties of regional haze dominated by biomass burning aerosol measured from the C - 130 aircraft during SAFARI 2000.

shows that natural VOC induced aerosols above the boundary layer are mostly of natural origin (7:1), and comprise a 2:1 up to > 10:1 amount, compared to SOx (SO2 + sulfate) aerosols in the 0.5 - 10 km free troposphere, or 10 % of the total aerosol optical depth measured by satellites... Add to that the effect below the boundary layer and the effect of other natural aerosols (natural fires, sea salt, sand dust, DMS, NOx), good for some 38 % of the < 1 micron fraction of total aerosols (according to IPCC estimates)...

Compute the surface radiative forcing and its amplification by the atmospheric warming in a manner following Myhre and Stordal 1997, using gridded global fields of of the input variables obtained from observations (e.g. the ECMWF reanalysis, ISCCP clouds, satellite ozone, some sort of aerosol optical depth from satellite.