Sentences with phrase «by aerosols»

This work eventually led to investigation of how planetary cooling might be caused by the aerosol particles arising from large - scale fires generated by a nuclear war.
The only info I can find, including your posting above, talks about the general increase from about 1910 to 1945, followed by aerosol cooling until around 1975.
The research from top scientists studying a decade of atmospheric data has shown how cloud and weather development are affected by aerosols in the atmosphere.
It is caused by aerosol particles, but scientists don't know all the details of the complex chemistry involved.
A significant cooling due to other anthropogenic factors, dominated by aerosols, is a robust feature of a wide range of detection analyses.
On top of that, the murky signal is also apparently compensated to a substantial degree by the aerosols that we are creating.
As you said in your presentation, a substantial fraction of the warming from greenhouse gases still sits in the pipeline or is compensated by aerosols.
Add to that the «fools climate» by aerosol cooling.
If there was such a thing, it was most likely not caused by aerosols.
Minimum night - time temperatures, on the other hand, are more affected by greenhouse gases and therefore should not be affected by aerosols.
The team found that 74 percent of the warming that occurred during 1964 to 2010 was indeed masked by the aerosol cooling effect.
The Indian Ocean Experiment (Ramanathan et al., 2001b and references therein) focussed on emissions of aerosol from the Indian sub-continent, and showed the importance of absorption by aerosol in the atmospheric column.
The study also used data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument to determine the amount of radiation being absorbed by aerosols between 1984 and 1990.
Should not you have learned by now that the long term trend is dominated by a rise due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases, but can be interrupted by aerosol effects, small flickers in the sun, volcanic eruptions, some short term natural variability (including El Nino).
That is appropriate since it is the radiative forcing produced by aerosols, ozone etc. in the recent climate state, not in the 1850 climate state, that determines their effect on recent temperatures.
Expectations of decreases in large source regions such as China [195] may be counteracted by aerosol increases other places as global population continues to increase.
Expectations of decreases in large source regions such as China [195] may be counteracted by aerosol increases other places as global population continues to increase.
Seland, P. Stier, and T. Takemura, 2006: Radiative forcing by aerosols as derived from the AeroCom present - day and pre-industrial simulations.
They found that volcanic activity, as measured by aerosol optical thickness data (AOD) has only caused between 0.02 and 0.04 °C per decade warming from 1979 through 2010 (Table 1, Figure 2), or about 0.06 to 0.12 °C warming of the surface and lower troposphere, repsectively, since 1979 (out of approximately 0.5 °C observed surface warming).
Now, how would all of this fit with the idea of GHGs - induced global warming mitigated by aerosols (global dimming)?
The protective layers of the atmosphere, most specifically the ozone layer and the ionosphere, are being shredded by the aerosol clouds.
Here luck was on Broecker's side: the warming by other greenhouse gases and the cooling by aerosols largely cancel today, so considering only CO2 leads to almost the same radiative forcing as considering all anthropogenic effects on climate (see IPCC AR4, Fig.
Menon et al. (2002b) and Wang (2004) found that circulation changes could be caused by aerosols in southeast China.
«It seems that TB tricks the immune system into damaging our own lung tissue, which therefore makes the person highly infectious through coughing and the TB then spreads by aerosol droplets to other individuals.
In the Science paper, Ramanathan and colleagues note that «the suppression of precipitation by aerosols prolongs their atmospheric residence time, further enhancing their impacts.»
«Solar absorption by aerosols during the northeast monsoon over the Indian Ocean can reduce daytime cloud coverage by nearly half in a specific case of trade cumulus,» the scientists wrote in a paper appearing in the May 12 issue of Science.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A / H5N1 virus can cause morbidity and mortality in humans but thus far has not acquired the ability to be transmitted by aerosol or respiratory droplet («airborne transmission») between humans.
Although the Report of the Informal Consultation on Aircraft Disinsection sponsored by the World Health Organization (November 6 - 10, 1995) concluded that aircraft disinsection, if performed appropriately, would not present a risk to human health, the report also noted that some individuals may experience transient discomfort following aircraft disinsection by aerosol application.
If you refer to the global dimming by aerosols, I don't think it was entirely «unrecognized» beforehand.
Thus, solar cycle variations may or may not explain this «dip» (one similar - looking dip in two curves is not a significant correlation and could easily be coincidence; there is a better - founded explanation for this «dip» resulting from cooling by aerosol emissions — see the figure from Hansen et al. coming up below).
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