Sentences with phrase «by an electron pulse»

An initial laser pulse will trigger a reaction in the sample that is followed an instant later by an electron pulse to produce an image of that reaction.

How it works: An initial laser pulse triggers a reaction in a sample that is followed an instant later by an electron pulse to produce an image.

Not exact matches

In the long term, electrons accelerated by high - repetition PW pulses could slash the cost of particle physicists» dream machine: a 30 - kilometer - long electron - positron collider that would be a successor to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the European particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland.

For the first time, they managed to control the shape of the laser pulse to keep an electron both free and bound to its nucleus, and were at the same time able to regulate the electronic structure of this atom dressed by the laser.

These feature make ultrashort electron pulse trains an ideal tool with which to monitor, in real time, the ultrafast processes initiated by the impact of light oscillations onto matter.

The machine developed by the Brookhaven team uses a laser pulse to give electrons in a sample material a «kick» of energy.

By varying the time delay between the pulse and the probe, the scientists can capture the subtle shifts in atomic arrangements as the lattice responds to the «kicked - up» electrons.

The researchers in Erlangen and Jena have now achieved this by focusing laser pulses onto a nanometre - sharp metal tip, causing the tip to emit electrons.

By tuning electron pulses and recording those electrons that went through to the other side, the researchers were able to map the energy and momentum of electrons within the material.

Using tunneling ionization and ultrashort laser pulses, scientists have been able to observe the structure of a molecule and the changes that take place within billionths of a billionth of a second when it is excited by an electron impact.

Electron motions induced by a strong electric field are mapped in space and time with the help of femtosecond x-ray pulses.

Depending on their size, so called near - fields (electromagnetic fields close to the particle surface) were induced by the laser pulses, resulting in a controlled directional emission of electrons.

In the experiments, electrons are set in motion by a very strong electric field which is provided for the very short time interval of 50 fs (1 fs = 10 - 15 s) by a strong optical pulse interacting with the LiH material.

A weak UV pulse excited an outer electron to a higher state, followed by a strong infrared pulse creating a field in which the electron escaped from the molecule due to the tunneling effect.

The researchers observed this effect by using particle detectors to monitor the flight paths of electrons emitted from the near - fields of the nanospheres within the passage of the laser pulse.

By adjusting the time delay between the two pulses, the scientists gained a very precise measurement — within a matter of attoseconds — of how long it takes the electron to decay.

The electrons were then carried along by the laser pulse and almost instantly smashed back into the neon nuclei.

Researchers use a similar trick to study atomic electrons — by pinging atoms with exceedingly short light pulses, they can watch electrons» quantum states evolve in unprecedented detail.

The ejected electron was detected by the infrared laser pulse as soon as it left the atom in response to the excitation by XUV light.

Electrons within a target atom are first excited by a photon contained within the pump pulse, which is then followed after a short delay by a second photon in a probe pulse.

By using what is known as an ion microscope to detect these ions, the scientists were able, for the first time, to observe the interaction of two photons confined in an attosecond pulse with electrons in the inner orbital shells of an atom.

In UEC, a sample of crystalline GeTe is bombarded with a femtosecond laser pulse, followed by a pulse of electrons.

These accelerators work by shooting pulses of intense laser light into plasma to create a wave rippling through the cloud of ionised gas, leaving a wake of electrons akin to those that form behind a speedboat in water.

By irradiating oriented molecules with powerful laser pulses, the researchers were able to obtain high - harmonic spectra reflecting the state of a molecule's electron shell.

«The work shows how magnetization of nanoscale magnets can be steered by intense ultrashort electron pulses,» said Alexander Schäffer, a doctoral student at Martin - Luther - Universität Halle - Wittenberg in Halle, Germany, and lead author of the paper.

Those electron bunches are actually initiated by rapid - fire laser pulses produced by an electron «gun.»

Varga's research focuses on the interaction of lasers and matter at the atomic scale and is part of the new field of attosecond science — an attosecond is a billion billionths of a second — that is allowing scientists to study extremely short - lived phenomena such as the making and breaking of chemical bonds and tracking the real - time motion of electrons within semiconductors by probing them with attosecond pulses of laser light.

The Nitrogen - Vacancy defect (NV centre) in diamonds and diamond nanocrystals (nanodiamonds) provides a unique alternative for DNP as the NV centre electron spin can be optically polarized to over 90 % polarization at room temperature by short laser pulses.

These opportunities include the use of short - pulsed X-ray sources for extracting time - dependent structural information from proteins; and the revolutionary new possibilities created by X-ray Free Electron Lasers, which combine ultrafast X-ray pulses with high brilliance focussing capabilities to create an entirely new regime of pre-damage time - resolved serial femtosecond crystallography on unprecedented time - scales.