Sentences with phrase «by astronomers when»
This definition has been widely used by astronomers when publishing discoveries in journals since this time, although it remains a temporary, working definition until a more permanent one is formally adopted.
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/ Not exact matches
It is like asking a bunch of astronomers whether they all study the same sun when they are all using different equipment and without recognizing that they all think about what is meant by the words «study», «same» and «sun in different ways.
By finding places in the sky where radio telescopes pick up these 21 - centimeter emissions, astronomers can identify light from faraway, hydrogen - rich regions so ancient they date back to the era when stars were starting to form.
Astronomers, therefore, look for signs of reionization by determining when 21 - centimeter emissions start to turn off — evidence that stars are, simultaneously, starting to turn on.
Astronomers have identified over 2,300 new planets in Kepler data by searching for tiny dips in a star's brightness when a planet passes in front of it.
One hint of trouble came to light in the 1970s, when astronomers realized the outer portions of a significant number of galaxies were rotating inexplicably fast, seemingly pulled by more gravity than general relativity could explain.
Planetary nebulae, which got their name after being misidentified by early astronomers, are formed when an ageing star weighing up to eight times the mass of the sun ejects its outer layers as clouds of luminous gas (see Why stars go out in a blaze of glory).
«In the past, astronomers thought that comets die when they are warmed by sunlight, causing their ices to simply vaporize away,» Jewitt said.
As instruments improved, astronomers detected smaller wobbles caused by smaller planets, until in 2004 a team using the Hobby - Eberly Telescope was arguably the first to find a super-Earth, 55 Cancri e. Others were revealed when their gravity briefly magnified the light of a distant star, a process known as gravitational lensing.
When Chandra becomes fully operational, it will be the most powerful x-ray observatory available to astronomers, exceeding the resolving capability of its predecessor, ROSAT, by as much as 50 times.
An international team of astronomers led by Yale University and the University of California - Santa Cruz have pushed back the cosmic frontier of galaxy exploration to a time when the universe was only 5 % of its present age.
That's what researchers from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore expected to find when they combined data on 458 GRBs discovered by satellites since 2007, a painstaking chore that no one had undertaken before, says Melissa Nysewander, a former STScI astronomer and a co-author of the study submitted for publication to The Astrophysical Journal.
The ancient astronomers also computed the time when Jupiter covers half of this 60 - day distance by partitioning the trapezoid into two smaller ones of equal area.
The Extravagant Universe, by Harvard astronomer Robert Kirshner, 2002, quoting from memory what Zwicky would say when the two of them had offices down the hall from each other at Caltech: «In 1933, I told those no - good spherical bastards that supernovas make the neutron stars.
Imaging the cosmos at near - infrared wavelengths allowed the astronomers to see objects that are both obscured by dust, and extremely distant [2], created when the Universe was just an infant.
When Vassar College promoted a lecture by billing Vera Rubin, one of the pioneering dark matter astronomers of the 1970s, as the «discoverer» of dark matter, Barbarina sent me an e-mail: «I will certainly call my attorney on Monday, and have him write a letter to Ms. Rubin, stating that any and all potential public claims to my father's work will be equally publicly challenged by me.»
And when astronomers discovered a star in 2015 whose light seems to occasionally get blocked by something big, one researcher proposed it was an alien megastructure.
Their paths shift slightly from one orbit to the next — a phenomenon known as precession — but when astronomers use general relativity to predict the amount of this shift, their answers are off by a factor of four.
By placing life in the cosmic spotlight — at a meeting dedicated to Copernicus, no less — Carter was flying in the face of a scientific worldview that began nearly 500 years ago when the Polish astronomer dislodged Earth and humanity from center stage in the grand scheme of things.
When astronomers record a single spectrum for the whole galaxy, the iron line is smeared in both directions by this Doppler effect.
But he stood by the ideal of the unchanging heavens until the moment, in 1929, when American astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding.
Astronomers detect planets too far away for direct observation by the dimming in light when a world passes in front of, or transits, its host star.
For example, another research team has already analyzed the gas and dust emitted by Wild 2, and astronomers look forward to January 2006 when a Stardust capsule containing thousands of comet dust particles will return to Earth for more thorough investigation.
Astronomers dismissed her observations until four years later, when they were confirmed by a man.
Einstein had become famous when astronomers tested a key prediction of the theory concerning the bending of light as it passed by a massive object, such as the sun.
When Hummels arrived at Columbia in 2005, only a dozen or so amateur astronomers attended the biweekly open telescope nights hosted by the astronomydepartment, says David Helfand, the department chair.
By observing this light, astronomers can see an image of how the Universe looked when that light was emitted.
This video, taken by amateur astronomer Masayuki Tachikawa of Kumamoto, Japan, shows the moment when the object burned up in the atmosphere (the small flash to the center - left at about 2 seconds).
In 1933, Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky suggested the existence of dark matter when he found that the galaxies in a particular cluster swirl about each other too fast to be bound by their gravity alone.
Lead researcher Dr David Clements, from the Department of Physics at Imperial College London, explains: «Although we're able to see individual galaxies that go further back in time, up to now, the most distant clusters found by astronomers date back to when the universe was 4.5 billion years old.
Such a network, akin to the type of big, expensive facilities historically built for physicists and astronomers by governments, was first mooted 3 years ago, when Rafael Yuste, a neuroscientist at Columbia University in New York, and five colleagues drafted the proposal for what would ultimately become President Obama's Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative.
When astronomers record a single spectrum for the wholegalaxy, the iron line is smeared in both directions by this Dopplereffect.
Astronomers have gleaned some information about exoplanet atmospheres by observing how the atmosphere absorbs starlight when an exoplanet's orbit carries it between the star and Earth.
Two teams of astronomers led by researchers at the University of Cambridge have looked back nearly 13 billion years, when the Universe was less than 10 percent its present age, to determine how quasars — extremely luminous objects powered by supermassive black holes with the mass of a billion suns — regulate the formation of stars and the build - up of the most massive galaxies.
Therapist by day and amateur astronomer by night, Castro joined the NASA - funded Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project when it began in February — not knowing she would become one of four volunteers to help identify the project's first brown dwarf, formally known as WISEA J110125.95 +540052.8.
By studying far - flung galaxy clusters, astronomers are able to look back in time at the state of those objects millions or even billions of years ago, when the light just now reaching us was emitted.
Members of the Planet Hunters citizen science project were the first to notice it when they scoured Kepler's data for transiting worlds overlooked by professional astronomers» automated planet - hunting algorithms.
Given that the shocks will only however lead to a brief (in astronomical terms) increase in star formation, astronomers have to be very lucky to catch the cluster at a time in its evolution when the galaxies are still being «lit up» by the shock.
When the gravitational wave event GW170817 was detected, astronomers rushed to search for the source using conventional telescopes (see the Introduction by Smith).
But when it has been working, the 10 - metre Keck Telescope, in Mauna Kea in Hawaii, has impressed astronomers with images and spectra of objects too faint to be detected by other telescopes.
«Observations with the next generation of radio telescopes will tell us more about what actually happens when a star is eaten by a black hole — and how powerful jets form and evolve right next to black holes,» explains Stefanie Komossa, astronomer at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany.
Produced by stars, the dust causes light to look redder than it really is when observed visually, which can make it difficult for astronomers studying properties of stars.
Although the team's analyses probably won't help regular stargazers, they could be used to help predict when enhanced airglow might interfere with the sensitive instruments used by many ground - based astronomers.
When Hubble observations showed this also occurring around galaxies too puny to warp light by themselves, astronomers realized that the galaxies must be suffused with an unseen kind of material — dark matter — that invisibly adds mass to the universe.
By harnessing the extreme sensitivity of the Atacama Large Millimeter / submillimeter Array (ALMA), astronomers have directly observed a pair of Milky Way - like galaxies seen when the universe was only eight percent of its current age.
The astronomers believe that by probing the universe when it was only a quarter of its present age, places an important anchor with which to compare more recent expansion measurements as dark energy has taken hold.
Maunakea, Hawaii — An international team of astronomers, led by Yale and the University of California, Santa Cruz, pushed back the cosmic frontier of galaxy exploration to a time when the Universe... Read more»
When the next generation of ground - and space - based telescopes go online, such as the ESO's Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) and NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Ross 128 b will become a prime target for astronomers to look for the spectroscopic clues of chemicals that could be produced by an alien biosphere.
Now, astronomers from MIT and Arizona State University have peered right back to the «Cosmic Dawn» — the time when the first stars were beginning to fire up — by picking up an extremely faint radio signal that marks the earliest evidence of hydrogen, just 180 million years after the Big Bang.
Astronomers have now peered right back to the «Cosmic Dawn» — when the first stars were beginning to fire up — by picking up an extremely faint radio signal that marks the earliest evidence of hydrogen, just 180 million years after the Big Bang.